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Anatomy And Physiology PHS > Chapter 18 - Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 18 - Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Uremia

A

Uremic poisoning. Toxic build up of wastes in the blood

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2
Q

Hilum

A

Medial indentation of the kidneys where vessels, nerves, and the ureter connect with the kidney

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3
Q

Renal cortex

A

Outer part of the kidney

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4
Q

Renal medulla

A

Inner portion of the kidney

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5
Q

Renal pyramids

A

Triangular divisions of the medulla of the kidney

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6
Q

Renal columns

A

Extensions of the cortical tissue that dip between the renal pyramids

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7
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Expansion of the upper end of the ureter

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8
Q

Renal papilla

A

Narrow, innermost end of the renal pyramids

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9
Q

Calyx

A

Division of the renal pelvis

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10
Q

Nephron

A

Microscopic unit of the kidney. Tiny funnel with long stem with many bends. Divided into renal corpuscle, renal tubule.

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11
Q

Renal corpuscle

A

Divided into two parts. Bowman capsule. Glomerulus

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12
Q

Bowman capsule

A

Cup shaped top of the nephron. Hollow. Surrounds the glomerulus

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13
Q

Glomerulus

A

Blood capillaries in the bowman capsule. Has afferent and efferent arteries. High pressure to filter waste

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14
Q

Afferent arteriole

A

Delivers blood to glomerulus. Bigger than the efferent to create high pressure for filtering

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15
Q

Efferent arteriole

A

Carries blood from glomerulus. Smaller than afferent arteriole.

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16
Q

Renal tubule

A

Divided into 4 parts. Proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tube, collecting duct.

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17
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule

A

First segment of the renal tubule. Nearest to origin from the bowman capsule. Has several bends.

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18
Q

Nephron Loop

A

Extension of the proximal tubule. Has straight descending limb, hairpin turn, straight ascending limb

19
Q

Distal convoluted tubule

A

Distal to the renal corpuscle . Extension of ascending limb

20
Q

Collecting duct

A

Straight part of the renal tubule. Several distal tubules join to form collecting duct

21
Q

Cortical nephrons

A

Nephrons in the renal cortex

22
Q

Juxtamedullary nephrons

A

Renal corpuscles located between the cortex and medullary layers. Important role in concentrating urine

23
Q

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

Function in blood pressure and blood volume regulation. Secrete enzymes to restore normal blood volume.

24
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Secreted during hypoxia to trigger bone marrow to create more red blood cells.

25
Q

Three blood balancing processes

A

Filtration, reabsorption, secretion

26
Q

Filtration

A

Pressure from the glomerulus forces filtration water and dissolved substances into the bowman capsule to be filtered out. Body produces 50 gallons of glomerular filtrate daily to be reabsorbed

27
Q

Reabsorption

A

Movement of substances out of the renal tubules into blood capillaries around the tubules. Water, glucose, nutrients, sodium and other ions. Begins at the proximal convoluted tubules. 99% return to the blood.

28
Q

Renal threshold

A

Blood glucose level passes this threshold and glucose cannot be reabsorbed by the kidney and remains in urine. Glycosuria is a sign of diabetes mellitus

29
Q

Sodium reabsorption

A

Special case in nephron loop. Countercurrent flow permits large amounts of sodium and chloride into interstitial fluid of the medulla. Makes kidney able to concentrate urine.

30
Q

Secretion

A

Moving substances out of the blood to the urine. Excess potassium, hydrogen, certain drugs including penicillin, phenobarbital, and wastes like urea, uric acid, and creatine

31
Q

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

A

Started by an enzyme called renin. Causes constriction of blood vessels and raises blood pressure. Triggers release of aldosterone.p

32
Q

Anuria

A

Absence of urine

33
Q

Oliguria

A

Scanty amount of urine

34
Q

Polyuria

A

Unusually large amounts of urine

35
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Basin like upper end of the ureter located in the kidney

36
Q

Ureter

A

Tube that connects renal pelvis to urinary bladder

37
Q

Rugae

A

Folds on the bladder when empty

38
Q

Trigone

A

No rugae on this portion of the bladder. Between two ureter openings and the urethral opening

39
Q

Cystitis

A

Bladder infection

40
Q

Emptying reflex

A

Process that initiates when the bladder fills and stimulates nerve impulses to begin the emptying process

41
Q

Enuresis

A

Urinary incontinence

42
Q

Neurogenic bladder

A

When the bladder is totally cut off from spinal innervation the bladder acquires some automatic action and periodic but unpredictable voiding happens.

43
Q

Urinalysis

A

Physical, chemical and microscopic examination of urine.

Anatomy And Physiology PHS (21 decks)

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