Chapter 2 - Chemistry Of Life Flashcards
Compound
Substance with more than one element in it
Chemical bonds
Form to make atoms more stable. Outer shell is full of electrons
Ionic bond
When an atom with a small amount electrons donates them to an atom with a high amount to make both outer shells full of electrons.
Ion
Electrically charged atom.
Dissociate
When water molecules force other ionic bonds apart.
Electrolyte
Compounds that form ions when dissolved in water.
Covalent Bond
When two atoms share their electrons to fill their outer shell.
Hydrogen bond
Weak attraction of two hydrogen atoms that helps hold the body’s substance together.
Organic compounds
Have either C-C or C-H covalent bonds or both.
Solutes
Substance dissolved in a solvent.
Aqueous solution
When water is the solvent.
Dehydration synthesis
Common type of chemical reaction in the body. When water is lost from the reactants.
Reactants
Combine to form a larger product.
Hydrolysis
Water disrupts the bonds in a larger molecule causing them to be broken down into smaller molecules.
Acidosis
Low blood pH
Alkalosis
High blood pH
Buffers
Chemicals in the blood that maintain pH.
Peptide band
Holds sequences of different amino acids together.
Enzyme
Chemical catalyst but are unchanged by the reaction.
Structural protein
Shaped in a way that allow them to form essential structures of the body
Functional proteins
Have shapes that enable them to participate in the chemical processes of the body
Nucleotide
Contains a phosphate, sugar and a nitrogen base
Atomic number
Number of protons
Atomic mass
Number of protons and neutrons
