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Anatomy And Physiology PHS > Chapter 10 - Senses > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Senses Flashcards

1
Q

Two classes of senses

A

General and special senses

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2
Q

General senses

A

Detected by simple, microscopic receptors widely distributed in skin, muscles, tendons, joints and other internal organs. Responsible for pain, temperature, touch, pressure and body position.

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3
Q

Special senses

A

Detected by receptors grouped in specific areas and associated with complex structures. Smell, taste, vision, hearing, and equilibrium.

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4
Q

Sensory receptor types

A

Generally encapsulated or unencapsulated. By mode. Photoreceptors, chemoreceptors, pain receptors, thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors.

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5
Q

Photoreceptors

A

Sensitive to change in intensity or color of light. Vision

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6
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Sensitive to presence of certain chemicals as in taste or smell

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7
Q

Pain receptors

A

Sensitive to physical injury

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8
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

Sensitive to change in temperature

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9
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Sensitive to mechanical stimuli that change their shape or position

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10
Q

Free nerve ending location and sense

A

Skin and mucosa(epithelial layer). Pain, crude touch, temperature, itch, tickle

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11
Q

Tactile corpuscle

A

Skin (papillae of dermis) fingertips, lips. Fine or light touch and low frequency vibration.

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12
Q

Ruffini corpuscle

A

Skin (dermal layer) and subcutaneous tissue of fingers. Persistent touch or pressure.

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13
Q

Lamellar corpuscle

A

Subcutaneous, submucous, and subserous tissues, around joints, in mammary glands, and external genitalia. Deep pressure and high frequency vibration.

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14
Q

Bulboid corpuscle

A

Skin (dermal layer) subcutaneous tissue, mucosa of lips or eyelids and external genitals. Touch

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15
Q

Golgi tendon organ

A

Near junction of tendons or muscles. Proprioception (sense of muscle tension)

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16
Q

Muscle spindle

A

Skeletal muscles. Proprioception (sense of muscle length)

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17
Q

Sensory pathway

A

Receptor through spinal cord to thalamus (cutaneous or skin receptors) or cerebellum (proprioceptors) to cerebral cortex.

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18
Q

Two point discrimination

A

Ability to tell one touch from two.

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19
Q

Skin receptor distribution

A

Close - fingertips
Relatively close - palm
Far apart - back and torso

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20
Q

Mode of sensation

A

Difference in what kind of stimuli is detected.

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21
Q

Propriceptors

A

Stimulated by stretch. Provide information concerning the position and movement of parts of the body and length and extent of contraction of our muscles.

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22
Q

3 layers of the eye

A

Fibrous, vascular, inner layer

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23
Q

Fibrous layer of eye

A

Sclera, cornea. Tough, fibrous tissue of the eye

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24
Q

Vascular layer of eye

A

Choroid, ciliary muscle, iris, lens

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25
Inner layer of eye
Retina, optic nerve, retinal blood vessel.
26
Sclera
White of the eye. White due to dense bundles of collagen fibers. Forms most of the fibrous layer.
27
Cornea
Transparent circle on the anterior of the fibrous layer. Helps focus image to the retina.
28
Keratitis
Inflammation of the cornea
29
Conjunctiva
Mucous membranes that lines the eyelids and covers the fibrous layer.
30
Lacrimal gland
Secretes tears to keep the conjunctiva moist.
31
Choroid
Makes up most of the vascular layer. Contains lots of melanin. Helps prevent scattering of light rays to help make it easier to focus images.
32
Iris
Involuntary pigmented muscle at the anterior of the choroid.
33
Pupil
Black center of the iris. Actually a hole in the iris.
34
Lens of the eye
Directly behind the pupil. Focuses images
35
Ciliary muscle
Controls the lens of the eye.
36
Presbyopia
Due to aging when you cannot focus on close objects.
37
Retina
Makes up most of the inner layer of the eye. Rods and cones.
38
Rods
Dim light, monochromatic vision when light is low. Nighttime vision
39
Cones
Stimulated by fairly bright light. 3 types. Each sensitive to different colors of light. Red, blue, green.
40
Macula lutea
Yellowish spot in the retina. Surrounds small depression called fovea centralis.
41
Fovea centralis
Greatest concentration of cones in the retina.
42
Ganglion cells
Sensitive to light but not used to form images. Helps body determine day or night and levels of moonlight.
43
Aqueous humor
Fluid in front of the lens. Constantly being replaced.
44
Vitreous humor
Jellylike fluid behind the lens that helps refract light rays.
45
Glaucoma
Blocked drainage of the aqueous humor.
46
Optic disk
Blind spot in the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye.
47
External ear
Auricle and external acoustic canal. Ends at the tympanic membrane.
48
Auricle
Appendage on the side of the head that surrounds the external ear canal.
49
Ceruminous glands
Produce earwax
50
Middle ear
Tiny and very thin epithelium lines cavity in the temporal bone. Contains 3 bones. Malleus, incus, stapes.
51
Oval window
Separates middle from the inner ear. Connected to the Stapes. Causes fluid to move in the inner ear.
52
Auditory tube
Connects the middle ear to the throat. Helps regulate pressure of middle ear to the outside pressure allowing free movement of the tympanic membrane.
53
Inner ear
Consists of three spaces assembled into the bony labyrinth. Filled with perilymph. Vestibule, semi-circular canals, cochlea.
54
Perilymph
Fluid that fills the inner ear.
55
Membranous labyrinth
Balloon like membranous sac suspended in the perilymph. Follows the shape of the bony labyrinth. Filled with thicker fluid called endolymph.
56
Organ of Corti
Organ of hearing. Lies in the cochlea. Surrounded by endolymph. Ciliated hairs generate nerve impulses when bent by movement of the endolymph. Stimulate cochlear nerve to create hearing
57
Presbycusis
Hearing loss due to age.
58
Equilibrium
Mechanoreceptors located in vestibule and semicircular canals.
59
Macula
Two located in vestibule surrounded by thick heavy gel. Movement of the gel causes cilia to bend and create nerve impulses. Static equilibrium.
60
Ampulla
Dilated portion of the semicircular canals. Contain sensory structure called crista ampullaris. Senses speed or direction of head called dynamic equilibrium.
61
Crista ampullaris
Sensory structure in ampulla.
62
Cupula
Flap like structure with cilia that flaps in the endolymph. Because the 3 canals are on different planes the brain compares each to determine direction of movement.
63
Gustatory cells
Cells that generate nerve impulses that the brain interprets as taste.
64
Papillae
Taste buds
65
Circumvallate papillae
Large inverted V at the back of the tongue that contains the most taste buds

Anatomy And Physiology PHS (21 decks)

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