Chapter 20 - Acid / Base Balance

Question 1

Three mechanisms for regulating the pH of body fluids

Answer 1

Buffer mechanism in blood, respiratory mechanism, urinary mechanism

Question 2

Carbonic acid

Answer 2

Combination of water and CO2. Accelerated by carbonic anhydrase. H2CO3

Question 3

Physiological pH control

Answer 3

Lungs and kidney response to CO2. Lungs in 1-2 minutes. Kidneys 24 hours

Question 4

Buffers

Answer 4

Chemical substances that prevent a sharp change in the pH of fluids

Question 5

Buffer pairs

Answer 5

Consist of two kinds of substances that interact. Main blood buffer is baking soda and carbonic acid

Question 6

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 6

Bicarbonate deficit. Patients often suffer renal disease, uncontrolled diabetes, prolonged diarrhea, or have ingested toxic chemicals.

Question 7

Metabolic alkosis

Answer 7

Can results from diuretic therapy, loss of gastric fluid from vomiting or suction, or from certain diseases like Cushing syndrome.

Question 8

Respiratory acidosis

Answer 8

Caused most frequently by hypoventilation. Causes include depression of the respiratory center by drugs or anesthesia. Also respiratory diseases such as emphysema or pneumonia. Also follows cardiac arrest.

Question 9

Respiratory alkosis

Answer 9

Hyperventilation leads to a deficit of carbonic acid caused by an excessive loss of CO2. Anxiety, over ventilation of patients on ventilators, or hepatic come can be symptoms.