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BIOL 235 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What helps protect the lungs by swirling air to filter out particulate matter?

A

Inferior nasal conchae

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2
Q

What type of bones can be found in the appendicular skeleton?

A

Long bone, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones

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3
Q

 A bone in front of you has a sharp slender projection sticking off one side what would you call this type of marking?

A

Spinous process

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4
Q

The femur has a very large proximal projection that serves as an attachment site for some very large lower limb and pelvic muscles this femoral projection is referred to as?

A

Greater trochanter

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5
Q

What is the name for the smooth surface formed by the fused transverse processes of the first sacral vertebrae?

A

Sacral ala

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6
Q

The inferior articular processes of the fifth sacral vertebrae become which of the following structures?

A

Sacral cornu

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7
Q

You examine a vertebra and note that the superior articular process projects posterior superiorly which type of vertebra is it?

A

Cervical

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8
Q

You are examining a vertebra and know that it has a spinous process that projects inferiorly which type of vertebra are you examining?

A

Thoracic

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9
Q

The joints allow you to move your head to signify yes includes the superior articular facet of the atlas and what other structure?

A

Occipital condyles

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10
Q

On which bone would you find the hypoglossal canal

A

Occipital

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11
Q

What bone has a head, articular facet,!coastal angle, and body?

A

Rib

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12
Q

What type of rib has cartilage that attaches to the sternum in directly?

A

Vertebrochondral

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13
Q

What structure forms the anterior portion of the nasal septum?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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14
Q

What are the structures of the axial skeleton?

A

Cranium,face, hyoid bone, auditory ossicles, vertebral column, thorax: sternum and ribs

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15
Q

What are the five main types of bones?

A

long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid

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16
Q

Describe the long bone?

A

Greater in length and width consists of a shaft and variable number of extremities or epiphyses, curved

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17
Q

Where can you find long bones?

A

Femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, radius and phalanges

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18
Q

Describe the short bones?

A

Somewhat cube shaped and are nearly equal in length and width they consist of spongy bone tissue except at the surface which has a thin layer of compact bone tissue

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19
Q

Examples of short bones?

A

Carpals and tarsals

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20
Q

Describe flat bones?

A

Generally thin and composed of two nearly parallel plates of compact bone tissue enclosing layer of spongy bone tissue extensive areas for muscle attachment

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21
Q

Where are flat bones?

A

Cranial bones, sternum, ribs, and scapula

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22
Q

Describe irregular bones?

A

Complex shapes and cannot be grouped into any of the previous categories

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23
Q

Which bones are irregular?

A

Vertebrae, hipbones, certain facial bones, and the calcaneus

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24
Q

Describe the sesamoid bones

A

Developed in certain tendons where there’s considerable friction tension and physical stress, varies from person to person

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25
Q

Where is sesamoid bones found

A

Palms, soles, quadriceps femora tendon

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26
Q

Describe sutural bones?

A

Small bones located in sutures between certain cranial bones

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27
Q

What are depressions in openings?

A

Say it slow in the passage of soft tissue like nerves and blood vessels ligaments tendons or formation of joints

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28
Q

What are the different kinds of depressions?

A

Fissure, foramen, fossa, sulcus, meatus

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29
Q

What is a fissure ?

A

Narrow slit between adjacent parts of bone through which blood vessels or nerves pass

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30
Q

What is a foramen?

A

Opening through which blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments pass

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31
Q

What is a fossa?

A

Shallow depression

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32
Q

What is sulcus?

A

For a long bone surface that accommodates blood vessels, nerves, or tendon

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33
Q

What is meatus?

A

A tube like opening

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34
Q

What are processes?

A

Projections were out girls on bone that form joints or attachment points for connective tissue such as ligaments and tendons

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35
Q

What are the processes that form joints?

A

Condyle, facet, head

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36
Q

What are the processes that form attachment points for connective tissue?

A

Crest, epicondyle, line, spinous process, trochanter, tubercle, tuberosity

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37
Q

What is the condyle?

A

Large round protuberance with a smooth articular surface at end of bone

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38
Q

What is a facet?

A

Smooth, flat, slightly concave or convex articular surface

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39
Q

What is head?

A

Usually rounded articular projection supported on neck of bone

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40
Q

What is a crest?

A

Prominent Ridge or elongated projection

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41
Q

What is epicondyle?

A

Typically Ruffin projection above condyle

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42
Q

What is a line?

A

Long narrow bridges or border less prominent in a crest

43
Q

What is a spinous process?

A

Sharp, slender projection

44
Q

What is a trochanter?

A

Very large projection

45
Q

What is a tubercle?

A

Variably sized rounded projection

46
Q

What is a tuberosity?

A

Variably Size projection that has a rough, bumpy surface

47
Q

What are the components of the skull?

A

Cranial bones and facial bones

48
Q

What are the 8 cranial bones?

A

Frontal bone, 2 parietal bones, 2 temporal bones, occipital bone, the sphenoid bone, and ethmoid bone

49
Q

What are the 14 facial bones?

A

2 nasal bones, 2 maxillae, 2 zygomatic bones, mandible, 2 lacrimal bones, 2 palatine bones, 2 inferior nasal conchae bones, and the vomer.

50
Q

What are the functions of the cranial bones?

A

Protecting the brain, stabilize the positions of the brain blood vessels in pathetic vessels and nerves through the attachment of their inner surfaces to meninges

51
Q

What are the frontal bones united by?

A

Metopic suture

52
Q

Where is the parietal bones located?

A

Form the greater portion of the sides and roots of the cranial cavity containing many protrusion and depressions that accommodate the blood vessel supplying the duramater

53
Q

What are the different parts of the temporal bones?

A

Zygomatic process, zygomatic arch, mandibular fossa, mandibular joint, mastoid portion, mastoid process, internal auditory meatus, petrous portion

54
Q

What projects from the inferior portion of the temporal squama and articulates with the temporal process of the zygomatic bone?

A

Zygomatic process

55
Q

What does the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone form?

A

Zygomatic arch

56
Q

What is located on the inferior posterior surface of the zygomatic process of each temporal bone?

A

Mandibular fossa

57
Q

The man tubular faucet and articular tubercle articulate with the mandible to form what?

A

Temporo-mandible joint (TMJ)

58
Q

Where is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone located?

A

Posterior and inferior to the external auditory meatus

59
Q

What is the mastoid process?

A

A rounded projection of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone posterior and inferior to the external auditory meatus. Point of attachment for several neck muscles

60
Q

What is the internal auditory meatus?

A

The opening through which the facial VII nerve and vestibulocochlear VIII nerve paths

61
Q

Petrous portion

A

Houses that internal ear in the middle ear. triangle Part located at the base of the score between the sphenoid and occipital

62
Q

Parts of the occipital bone?

A

Foreman Magnum, occipital condyles, External occipital protuberance

63
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Inferior part of the bone medulla oblongata connects with the spinal cord within this foramen and the vertebrae and spinal artery also pass through it

64
Q

Occipital condyles

A

Oval processes with convex surfaces on either side of the foreman magnum articulate with depressions on the first cervical vertebrae to form the Atlanto-occipital joint

65
Q

External occipital protuberance

A

Most prominent midline projection on the posterior surface of the bone just above the foreman magnum. Bump on the back of the head

66
Q

Parts of the sphenoid bone?

A

Sella turcica, hypophyseal fossa,

67
Q

Hypophyseal fossa

A

Seat of the saddle, containing the pituitary gland

68
Q

Sella turcica

A

Bony saddle shaped structure on the superior surface of the body of the sphenoid

69
Q

What does the ethmoid bone forms?

A

Part of the anterior portion of the cranial floor, the medial wall of the orbits, the superior portion of the nasal septum, most of the superior sidewalls the nasal cavity

70
Q

Nasal bones

A

Small flatten rectangular shaped bones that form the bridge of the nose

71
Q

Lacrimal bones

A

Are thin and roughly resemble a fingernail in size and shape, smallest bones of the face

72
Q

Palatine bone

A

Two k shaped palatine bones form the posterior portion of the hard palate, part of the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity and a small portion of the orbits floor

73
Q

Inferior nasal conchae

A

Inferior to the middle nasal Conchae of the ethmoid bone are separate bones not part of the ethmoid bone. Scroll-like bones. Increase surface area of nasal cavity

74
Q

Vomer

A

Roughly triangular bone on the floor of the nasal cavity that articulated superiority with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and sphenoid bone and inferiority with both the maxillae and palatine bones along the midline

75
Q

Parts of the maxillae

A

Hard palate, maxillary sinus

76
Q

What’s the hard palate formed by?

A

The Palatine processes of the maxilla and horizontal plates of the palatine bone

77
Q

Maxillary sinus

A

Present in each maxilla. Empties into nasal cavities

78
Q

Zygomatic bones

A

Commonly called cheek bones

79
Q

Zygomatic arch

A

The temple process of the zygomatic bone projects posteriorly and articulates with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone to form the zygomatic arch

80
Q

What forms the temporomandibular joint(TMJ)

A

Each ramus has a posterior condylar process that articulates with the mandibular fossa in articular tubercle of the temporal bone to form the temporomandibular joint

81
Q

Orbit

A

Seven bones of the skull join to form each orbit three cranial bones frontal sphenoid and ethmoid for facial bones Palitine zygomatic lachrymal and maxilla

82
Q

Suture

A

Immovable joint that hold most skull bones together

83
Q

What are the four prominent sutures of the skull?

A

Coronal suture, sagittal suture, lambdoid suture, squamous suture

84
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

Are cavities within certain cranial and facial bones near the nasal cavity

85
Q

Fontanals

A

Often called soft spots, that are mesenchyme filled spaces that have dense connective tissue regions between incompletely developed cranial bones

86
Q

Hyoid bone

A

Doesn’t articulate with any other bone, suspended from the styloid process of the temporal bones by ligaments and muscles, supports the tongue

87
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

Seven in the neck region

88
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

12 posterior to the thoracic cavity

89
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

Supporting the lower back

90
Q

Sacrum

A

Consisting of five fused sacral vertebrae

91
Q

Coccyx

A

Usually consisting of four fused coccygeal vertebrae

92
Q

What vertebrae are convex

A

Cervical and lumbar

93
Q

What vertebrae are concave?

A

Thoracic and sacral

94
Q

How many curves does a fetus have?

A

A single anteriorly concave curve

95
Q

What are the parts of the vertebrae

A

Vertebral body, vertebral arch, processes

96
Q

What are the five regions of the vertebral column?

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

97
Q

Atlantooccipital joint

A

Permits the head to move in the “yes”

98
Q

(C2) axis- odontoid process

A

Side to side movement signifying “no”

99
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

Largest and strongest

100
Q

What are the three parts of thoracic cage?

A

Manubrium, body, xiphoid process

101
Q

How many ribs are there

A

12

102
Q

What are sternocostal joints

A

The articulations formed between the true ribs and the sternum

103
Q

What are the three types of ribs

A

True ribs, vertebrochondral ribs, floating ribs

BIOL 235 (28 decks)

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