Chapter 7 Flashcards
What helps protect the lungs by swirling air to filter out particulate matter?
Inferior nasal conchae
What type of bones can be found in the appendicular skeleton?
Long bone, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones
 A bone in front of you has a sharp slender projection sticking off one side what would you call this type of marking?
Spinous process
The femur has a very large proximal projection that serves as an attachment site for some very large lower limb and pelvic muscles this femoral projection is referred to as?
Greater trochanter
What is the name for the smooth surface formed by the fused transverse processes of the first sacral vertebrae?
Sacral ala
The inferior articular processes of the fifth sacral vertebrae become which of the following structures?
Sacral cornu
You examine a vertebra and note that the superior articular process projects posterior superiorly which type of vertebra is it?
Cervical
You are examining a vertebra and know that it has a spinous process that projects inferiorly which type of vertebra are you examining?
Thoracic
The joints allow you to move your head to signify yes includes the superior articular facet of the atlas and what other structure?
Occipital condyles
On which bone would you find the hypoglossal canal
Occipital
What bone has a head, articular facet,!coastal angle, and body?
Rib
What type of rib has cartilage that attaches to the sternum in directly?
Vertebrochondral
What structure forms the anterior portion of the nasal septum?
Hyaline cartilage
What are the structures of the axial skeleton?
Cranium,face, hyoid bone, auditory ossicles, vertebral column, thorax: sternum and ribs
What are the five main types of bones?
long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid
Describe the long bone?
Greater in length and width consists of a shaft and variable number of extremities or epiphyses, curved
Where can you find long bones?
Femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, radius and phalanges
Describe the short bones?
Somewhat cube shaped and are nearly equal in length and width they consist of spongy bone tissue except at the surface which has a thin layer of compact bone tissue
Examples of short bones?
Carpals and tarsals
Describe flat bones?
Generally thin and composed of two nearly parallel plates of compact bone tissue enclosing layer of spongy bone tissue extensive areas for muscle attachment
Where are flat bones?
Cranial bones, sternum, ribs, and scapula
Describe irregular bones?
Complex shapes and cannot be grouped into any of the previous categories
Which bones are irregular?
Vertebrae, hipbones, certain facial bones, and the calcaneus
Describe the sesamoid bones
Developed in certain tendons where there’s considerable friction tension and physical stress, varies from person to person
Where is sesamoid bones found
Palms, soles, quadriceps femora tendon
Describe sutural bones?
Small bones located in sutures between certain cranial bones
What are depressions in openings?
Say it slow in the passage of soft tissue like nerves and blood vessels ligaments tendons or formation of joints
What are the different kinds of depressions?
Fissure, foramen, fossa, sulcus, meatus
What is a fissure ?
Narrow slit between adjacent parts of bone through which blood vessels or nerves pass
What is a foramen?
Opening through which blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments pass
What is a fossa?
Shallow depression
What is sulcus?
For a long bone surface that accommodates blood vessels, nerves, or tendon
What is meatus?
A tube like opening
What are processes?
Projections were out girls on bone that form joints or attachment points for connective tissue such as ligaments and tendons
What are the processes that form joints?
Condyle, facet, head
What are the processes that form attachment points for connective tissue?
Crest, epicondyle, line, spinous process, trochanter, tubercle, tuberosity
What is the condyle?
Large round protuberance with a smooth articular surface at end of bone
What is a facet?
Smooth, flat, slightly concave or convex articular surface
What is head?
Usually rounded articular projection supported on neck of bone
What is a crest?
Prominent Ridge or elongated projection
What is epicondyle?
Typically Ruffin projection above condyle
What is a line?
Long narrow bridges or border less prominent in a crest
What is a spinous process?
Sharp, slender projection
What is a trochanter?
Very large projection
What is a tubercle?
Variably sized rounded projection
What is a tuberosity?
Variably Size projection that has a rough, bumpy surface
What are the components of the skull?
Cranial bones and facial bones
What are the 8 cranial bones?
Frontal bone, 2 parietal bones, 2 temporal bones, occipital bone, the sphenoid bone, and ethmoid bone
What are the 14 facial bones?
2 nasal bones, 2 maxillae, 2 zygomatic bones, mandible, 2 lacrimal bones, 2 palatine bones, 2 inferior nasal conchae bones, and the vomer.
What are the functions of the cranial bones?
Protecting the brain, stabilize the positions of the brain blood vessels in pathetic vessels and nerves through the attachment of their inner surfaces to meninges
What are the frontal bones united by?
Metopic suture
Where is the parietal bones located?
Form the greater portion of the sides and roots of the cranial cavity containing many protrusion and depressions that accommodate the blood vessel supplying the duramater
What are the different parts of the temporal bones?
Zygomatic process, zygomatic arch, mandibular fossa, mandibular joint, mastoid portion, mastoid process, internal auditory meatus, petrous portion
What projects from the inferior portion of the temporal squama and articulates with the temporal process of the zygomatic bone?
Zygomatic process
What does the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone form?
Zygomatic arch
What is located on the inferior posterior surface of the zygomatic process of each temporal bone?
Mandibular fossa
The man tubular faucet and articular tubercle articulate with the mandible to form what?
Temporo-mandible joint (TMJ)
Where is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone located?
Posterior and inferior to the external auditory meatus
What is the mastoid process?
A rounded projection of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone posterior and inferior to the external auditory meatus. Point of attachment for several neck muscles
What is the internal auditory meatus?
The opening through which the facial VII nerve and vestibulocochlear VIII nerve paths
Petrous portion
Houses that internal ear in the middle ear. triangle Part located at the base of the score between the sphenoid and occipital
Parts of the occipital bone?
Foreman Magnum, occipital condyles, External occipital protuberance
Foramen magnum
Inferior part of the bone medulla oblongata connects with the spinal cord within this foramen and the vertebrae and spinal artery also pass through it
Occipital condyles
Oval processes with convex surfaces on either side of the foreman magnum articulate with depressions on the first cervical vertebrae to form the Atlanto-occipital joint
External occipital protuberance
Most prominent midline projection on the posterior surface of the bone just above the foreman magnum. Bump on the back of the head
Parts of the sphenoid bone?
Sella turcica, hypophyseal fossa,
Hypophyseal fossa
Seat of the saddle, containing the pituitary gland
Sella turcica
Bony saddle shaped structure on the superior surface of the body of the sphenoid
What does the ethmoid bone forms?
Part of the anterior portion of the cranial floor, the medial wall of the orbits, the superior portion of the nasal septum, most of the superior sidewalls the nasal cavity
Nasal bones
Small flatten rectangular shaped bones that form the bridge of the nose
Lacrimal bones
Are thin and roughly resemble a fingernail in size and shape, smallest bones of the face
Palatine bone
Two k shaped palatine bones form the posterior portion of the hard palate, part of the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity and a small portion of the orbits floor
Inferior nasal conchae
Inferior to the middle nasal Conchae of the ethmoid bone are separate bones not part of the ethmoid bone. Scroll-like bones. Increase surface area of nasal cavity
Vomer
Roughly triangular bone on the floor of the nasal cavity that articulated superiority with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and sphenoid bone and inferiority with both the maxillae and palatine bones along the midline
Parts of the maxillae
Hard palate, maxillary sinus
What’s the hard palate formed by?
The Palatine processes of the maxilla and horizontal plates of the palatine bone
Maxillary sinus
Present in each maxilla. Empties into nasal cavities
Zygomatic bones
Commonly called cheek bones
Zygomatic arch
The temple process of the zygomatic bone projects posteriorly and articulates with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone to form the zygomatic arch
What forms the temporomandibular joint(TMJ)
Each ramus has a posterior condylar process that articulates with the mandibular fossa in articular tubercle of the temporal bone to form the temporomandibular joint
Orbit
Seven bones of the skull join to form each orbit three cranial bones frontal sphenoid and ethmoid for facial bones Palitine zygomatic lachrymal and maxilla
Suture
Immovable joint that hold most skull bones together
What are the four prominent sutures of the skull?
Coronal suture, sagittal suture, lambdoid suture, squamous suture
Paranasal sinuses
Are cavities within certain cranial and facial bones near the nasal cavity
Fontanals
Often called soft spots, that are mesenchyme filled spaces that have dense connective tissue regions between incompletely developed cranial bones
Hyoid bone
Doesn’t articulate with any other bone, suspended from the styloid process of the temporal bones by ligaments and muscles, supports the tongue
Cervical vertebrae
Seven in the neck region
Thoracic vertebrae
12 posterior to the thoracic cavity
Lumbar vertebrae
Supporting the lower back
Sacrum
Consisting of five fused sacral vertebrae
Coccyx
Usually consisting of four fused coccygeal vertebrae
What vertebrae are convex
Cervical and lumbar
What vertebrae are concave?
Thoracic and sacral
How many curves does a fetus have?
A single anteriorly concave curve
What are the parts of the vertebrae
Vertebral body, vertebral arch, processes
What are the five regions of the vertebral column?
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
Atlantooccipital joint
Permits the head to move in the “yes”
(C2) axis- odontoid process
Side to side movement signifying “no”
Lumbar vertebrae
Largest and strongest
What are the three parts of thoracic cage?
Manubrium, body, xiphoid process
How many ribs are there
12
What are sternocostal joints
The articulations formed between the true ribs and the sternum
What are the three types of ribs
True ribs, vertebrochondral ribs, floating ribs
