Chapter 10 Flashcards
Primary function of muscle?
- Transformation of chemical energy into mechanical energy to generate force perform work and produce movement
- Stabilizes body position
- Regulates organ volume
- Generates heat
- Propels food and fluid matter through various body systems
What are the three types of muscular tissue?
- Skeletal
- Cardiac
- Smooth
Myology
Scientific study of muscles
Skeletal muscle tissue
- Move bones of the skeleton
- Striated, seen under a microscope
- Works voluntarily
Cardiac muscle tissue
- Forms most of the heart wall
- Striated
- Involuntary
Autorhythmicity
Natural pacemaker/Built-in rhythm of the heart, Controlled by hormones and neurotransmitters
Smooth muscle tissues
- Walls of hollow internal structures and skin attached to hair follicles
- Non striated
- Involuntary
- Controlled by neurons and hormones
Functions of the muscular tissue
- Producing body movements
- Stabilizing body positions
- Storing and moving substances within the body
- Generating heat
Thermogenesis
When muscular tissue contracts it produces heat
What are the four special properties of muscular tissue?
- Electrical excitability
- Contractility
- Extensibility
- Elasticity
Action potentials
The ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing electrical signals
What are the two main types of stimuli triggers for action potential in muscle cells?
- Electrical signals, arises in the muscle tissue itself
- Chemical stimuli, such as neurotransmitters, hormones, and local changes in pH
Muscle fibers
Hundreds to thousands of cells that make up the separate organs of the skeletal muscles
Subcutaneous layer or hypodermis
Separates muscle from skin
Fascia
- dense sheet or broadband of irregular connective tissue that lines the body wall and limbs and supports and surrounds muscles and other organs of the body
- holds muscles with similar functions together
- allows free movements of muscles 4. carries nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels
- fill spaces between muscles
The three layers of connective tissue?
- Epimysium
- Perimysium
- Endomysium
Epimysium
The outer layer in circling the entire muscle
consists of dense irregular connective tissue
Perimysium
Also a layer of dense irregular connective tissue but surrounds groups of 10 to 100 or more muscle fibres separating them into bundles called fascicles
Fascicles
Little bundles
large enough to be seen with the naked eye
give a cut of meat its characteristic “grain”
Endomysium
Penetrates the interior of each fascicle and separates into individual muscle fibres from one another
mostly reticular fibres
Tendon
All three connective tissue layers may extend beyond the muscle fibres to form a rope like tendon the attaches of muscle to the periosteum of a bone
Aponeurosis
Connective tissue elements that extend as a broad, flat sheet
Nerves and blood supply of the skeletal muscles
1.Well supplied With nerves and blood vessels
2. neurons that stimulates skeletal muscles to contract are somatic motor neurons
3.
Plasma membrane of a muscle cell?
Sarcolemma