Chapter 1 Flashcards
Anatomy
Science of body structures and the relationship among them
Physiology
Science of body functions
What does the structure of a part of the body reflect?
It’s function
What are the six levels of organization in the body?
Chemical Cellular Tissue Organ System Organismal
Atoms
Smallest unit of matter that participated in chemical reactions
Chemical level
The very basic level consists of atoms and molecules
Molecules
Two or more atoms joined together
Cellular level
Molecules combine to form cells, basic structural and functional units of an organism that are composed of chemicals
Cells are the?
Smallest living units in the human body
Tissue level
Tissues are groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function
Four basic types of tissues?
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue
Organ level
Different tissues joined together
Organs
Structures that are composed of two or more different types of tissues; they have specific functions and usually have recognizable shapes
System
Consists of related organs with a common function
Organismal level
All the parts of the human body functioning together constitute the total organism
Anabolism
Building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components
Responsiveness
The body’s ability to detect and respond to changes
Metabolism
The some of all chemical process in the body
Catabolism
To break down complex chemical substances into simpler ones
Basic life processes
- Metabolism
- Responsiveness
- Movement
- Growth
- Differentiation
- Reproduction
Movement, in terms of life processes
Includes motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, and even tiny structures inside cells
Growth, in terms of life processes
Increase in body size that results from an increase in the size of existing cells, an increase in the number of cells, or both
Differentiation, in terms of life processes
Development of a cell from an un specialized to a specialized state, precursor cells that can specialize cells are stem cells
Homeostasis
Maintains stable conditions In the body
Fluid within cells
Intercellular fluid ICF
Fluid outside body cells
Extra-cellular fluid ECF
The ECF that fills the narrow spaces between cells of tissue is what?
Interstitial fluid
Blood plasma
ECF within blood vessels
ECF within lymphatic vessels
Lymph
ECF in and around brain and spinal cord is known as?
Cerebrospinal fluid
ECF in joints is referred to as?
Synovial fluid