Chapter 6 Flashcards
What is bone made up of?
Osseous tissue, cartilage, dense connective tissue, epithelium, adipose tissue and nervous tissue
What are the basic functions of the skeletal system?
- Support
- Protection
- Assistance in moving
- Mineral homeostasis (storage and release)
- Blood cell production
- Triglyceride storage
What does red bone marrow produce?
Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
What is hemopoiesis?
Hemopoiesis is the process when red bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets
What does yellow bone marrow do?
Stores triglycerides
What is a long bone?
A bone whose length is greater than its width
What parts does a typical long bone consist of?
- Diaphysis
- Epiphyses
- Metaphases
- Articular cartilage
- Periosteum
- Medullary cavaty
- Endosteum
Diaphysis
The bone shaft. the long, cylindrical, main portion of the bone
Epiphyses
The proximal and distal ends of the bone
Metaphyses
The regions between the diaphoresis and the epistasis contains epiphyseal (growth) plates
Epiphyseal (growth) plate
A layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis of the bone to grow in length when it stops growing the cartilage in the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone
Epiphyseal line
The cartilage in the epiphyseal plate that is replaced by bone is known as this
Articular cartilage
A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis where the bone forms an articulation with another bone this cartilage reduces friction and absorb shock at freely moveable joints
Periosteum
A tough connective tissue associated with blood supply composed of outer fibrous layer and an inner osteogenic layer attached to the underlying bone by perforating fibres
Perforating fibres or sharpies fibres
Six bundles of collagen that extend from the periosteum into the bone extra cellular matrix
Medullary cavity
A hollow cylindrical space within the dyphisis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow and numerous blood vessels minimizes weight of the bone
Endosteum
A thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity contains a single layer of bone forming cells in a small amount of connective tissue
Osseous tissue
Connective tissues with an abundant extracellular matrix
Hydroxyapatite
Calcium phosphate combined with another mineral salt calcium hydroxide which form crystals of hydroxyapatite
How is calcification initiated?
By bone building cells called osteoblasts
What’s it called when mineral salts which are deposited into the extra cellular matrix crystallize and the tissue hardens?
Calcification
What are the four types of cells that are present in bone tissue?
- Osteoprogenitor cells
- Osteoblasts
- Osteocytes
- Osteoclasts
Osteoprogenitor cells
Unspecialized bone stem cells derived from mesenchyme
undergo cell division resulting in osteoblasts
found along the inner portion of the Periosteum, in the endosteum, and in the canals within bone that contains blood vessels
Osteoblasts
Bone building cells
synthesize and secrete collagen fibres and other organic components needed to build the extracellular matrix