Chapter 6 HEPATITIS Flashcards
Infection of liver leads to necrosis &
inflammation of liver cells
Hepatitis
Viral Hepatitis
o Bacterial
o Drug induced
o Alcohol induced
o Autoimmune
Non-viral
o Exposure to hepatotoxic drugs
▪ Acetaminophen
▪ Poisonous mushroom
MOT of HEPA
- Fecal/oral route
- Blood
Phases
- Viral Replication Phase
- Preicteric Phase
- Icteric Phase
- Convalescent Phase
a. Asymptomatic
b. Laboratories reveal markers of
hepa
Viral Replication Phase
a. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, & pruritis
Preicteric phase (Prodromal phase)
a. Jaundice & dark urine
Icteric Phase
s/s resolve and lab values return to normal (takes 2-12 weeks)
Convalescent phase (1 to 4 weeks)
infectious
- fecal/oral route by food or liquid
HEPA A
causes of HEP A
o Overcrowding & poor sanitation
o Found in stool of infected PTs before onset of symptoms
o Poor hygiene, hand to hand contact
o Infected food handler
o Consuming water or shellfish from sewage contaminated waters
Transmitted during sexual activity (oral anal w/ multiple sex partners)
Incubation period of Hep A
2-6 weeks
Signs & symptoms of HEP A
- Anicteric
- Mild flu-like URTI (low grade fever)
- Anorexia- due to release of toxin by damaged liver
- Jaundice & dark urine
- Indigestion
a. epigastric distress, nausea, heartburn, flatulence - Strong aversion to cigarettes
Diagnostic tests finding for HEP A
- Moderately enlarged liver & spleen
- HAV Antigen
o Found in stool 7-10 days before illness - HA Antibodies in serum
Prevention & Control
- Scrupulous handwashing
- Safe water supplies
- Proper control of sewage disposal
- HAV Vaxx
- Safe sex precaution
Medical Management
- Bed rest
- Nutritious diet (small feedings (glucose/IV Fluids)
- Avoid alcohol
- Sanitation & hygiene measures
- Most common & highest in infectious rate
- Transmitted through bloods (breaks in
mucous membranes of the skin) - Mother to infant via umbilical vein &
unang-yakap - Found in blood, saliva, semen, & vaginal
secretions
HEPA B
Risk factors of HEPA B
- Exposure to blood & bodily fluids
(meticulous screening) - Hemodialysis
- IV injection & druggies
- Gay men & bisexual activity (semen)
- Mother to child transmission
- Multiple sex partners
- Recipient of blood
- STI
- Tattooing
S/S of HEP B
- Arthralgia & rashes (joint pain)
- Loss of appetite
- Dyspepsia (Gi not moving causing
bloating) - Abdl. Pain
- Myalgia
- Malaise & Weakness
- Jaundice (may or may not manifest)
- Light colored stools/ dark urine
- Tender & enlarged liver & spleen (may
or may not be)
Prevention & control of HEP B
- Screening of blood donors
- Use of disposable syringes, needles, & lancets
- Wear gloves when handling blood, & bodily fluids
- Active Immunization for Hepa B vaxx
- Passive Immunity: Hepa B Immunoglobulin
a. Exposure to HBV but never had Hep B & never received vaxx
Medical Management for HEPA B
- Alpha-interferon test
- Bedrest
- Restrict activities until hepatic
enlargement & liver enzymes decreased - Adequate nutrition
a. Don’t restrict proteins
- Blood transfusions & sexual contact
- Parenteral means
HEPA C VIRUS
- Common in IV injection, hemodialysis,
blood transfusions - MOT: Sexual contact w/ B & D
HEPA D VIRUS
- Contaminated water/sanitation
- Fecal/oral route
- From street foods
HEPA E VIRUS
