Chapter 6 HEPATITIS

Question 1

Infection of liver leads to necrosis &
inflammation of liver cells

Answer 1

Hepatitis

Question 2

Viral Hepatitis

Answer 2

o Bacterial
o Drug induced
o Alcohol induced
o Autoimmune

Question 3

Non-viral

Answer 3

o Exposure to hepatotoxic drugs
▪ Acetaminophen
▪ Poisonous mushroom

Question 4

MOT of HEPA

Answer 4

• Fecal/oral route
• Blood

Question 5

Phases

Answer 5

1. Viral Replication Phase
2. Preicteric Phase
3. Icteric Phase
4. Convalescent Phase

Question 6

a. Asymptomatic
b. Laboratories reveal markers of
hepa

Answer 6

Viral Replication Phase

Question 7

a. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, & pruritis

Answer 7

Preicteric phase (Prodromal phase)

Question 8

a. Jaundice & dark urine

Answer 8

Icteric Phase

Question 9

s/s resolve and lab values return to normal (takes 2-12 weeks)

Answer 9

Convalescent phase (1 to 4 weeks)

Question 10

infectious
- fecal/oral route by food or liquid

Answer 10

HEPA A

Question 11

causes of HEP A

Answer 11

o Overcrowding & poor sanitation
o Found in stool of infected PTs before onset of symptoms
o Poor hygiene, hand to hand contact
o Infected food handler
o Consuming water or shellfish from sewage contaminated waters
Transmitted during sexual activity (oral anal w/ multiple sex partners)

Question 12

Incubation period of Hep A

Answer 12

2-6 weeks

Question 13

Signs & symptoms of HEP A

Answer 13

1. Anicteric
2. Mild flu-like URTI (low grade fever)
3. Anorexia- due to release of toxin by damaged liver
4. Jaundice & dark urine
5. Indigestion
   a. epigastric distress, nausea, heartburn, flatulence
6. Strong aversion to cigarettes

Question 14

Diagnostic tests finding for HEP A

Answer 14

• Moderately enlarged liver & spleen
• HAV Antigen
  o Found in stool 7-10 days before illness
• HA Antibodies in serum

Question 15

Prevention & Control

Answer 15

1. Scrupulous handwashing
2. Safe water supplies
3. Proper control of sewage disposal
4. HAV Vaxx
5. Safe sex precaution

Question 16

Medical Management

Answer 16

1. Bed rest
2. Nutritious diet (small feedings (glucose/IV Fluids)
3. Avoid alcohol
4. Sanitation & hygiene measures

Question 17

• Most common & highest in infectious rate
• Transmitted through bloods (breaks in
  mucous membranes of the skin)
• Mother to infant via umbilical vein &
  unang-yakap
• Found in blood, saliva, semen, & vaginal
  secretions

Answer 17

HEPA B

Question 18

Risk factors of HEPA B

Answer 18

1. Exposure to blood & bodily fluids
   (meticulous screening)
2. Hemodialysis
3. IV injection & druggies
4. Gay men & bisexual activity (semen)
5. Mother to child transmission
6. Multiple sex partners
7. Recipient of blood
8. STI
9. Tattooing

Question 19

S/S of HEP B

Answer 19

1. Arthralgia & rashes (joint pain)
2. Loss of appetite
3. Dyspepsia (Gi not moving causing
   bloating)
4. Abdl. Pain
5. Myalgia
6. Malaise & Weakness
7. Jaundice (may or may not manifest)
8. Light colored stools/ dark urine
9. Tender & enlarged liver & spleen (may
   or may not be)

Question 20

Prevention & control of HEP B

Answer 20

1. Screening of blood donors
2. Use of disposable syringes, needles, & lancets
3. Wear gloves when handling blood, & bodily fluids
4. Active Immunization for Hepa B vaxx
5. Passive Immunity: Hepa B Immunoglobulin
   a. Exposure to HBV but never had Hep B & never received vaxx

Question 21

Medical Management for HEPA B

Answer 21

1. Alpha-interferon test
2. Bedrest
3. Restrict activities until hepatic
   enlargement & liver enzymes decreased
4. Adequate nutrition
   a. Don’t restrict proteins

Question 22

• Blood transfusions & sexual contact
• Parenteral means

Answer 22

HEPA C VIRUS

Question 23

• Common in IV injection, hemodialysis,
  blood transfusions
• MOT: Sexual contact w/ B & D

Answer 23

HEPA D VIRUS

Question 24

• Contaminated water/sanitation
• Fecal/oral route
• From street foods

Answer 24

HEPA E VIRUS