Chapter 6 EBOLA

Question 1

Ebola Virus disease is also called

Answer 1

Ebola Hemorrhage or Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever

Question 2

Rare & deadly disease caused by
infection with one the Ebola strains

Answer 2

Ebola

Question 3

Agent virus

Answer 3

Filovirus

Question 4

Characteristic

Answer 4

• Transmitted through contact (direct
  skin to skin)
• Infected animals when prepping &
  eating them
• Bodily fluids of an infected person
  (urine, feces, & semen)
• Fomites w/ body fluids of an infected
  person
• Enters through cuts in the skin & when
  touching one’s eyes, nose, or mouth

Question 5

Progression

Answer 5

1. Acquisition
2. Development of s/s
3. Hemorrhage
4. Oxygen obstruction
5. Shock
6. Death

Question 6

Symptoms

Answer 6

weakness, malaise, cachexia
(severe muscle wasting)

Question 7

PPE Donning

Answer 7

Gown, mask, goggles, gloves

Question 8

PPE Doffing

Answer 8

Gloves goggles, gown mask

Question 9

MOT

Answer 9

• Host- fruit bats of Pteropodidae family
• Introduce into human through close contact w/:
  o Blood
  o Secretions
  o Organ or other fluids
  o Eating infected animals (bats, chimpanzees, gorillas, monkeys) found ill or dead in the
  rainforest
• Human to human direct contact (broken
  skin or mucus membranes)
  o Enters through eyes, nose or mouth
• Blood or body fluids (urine, feces, &
  semen)
• Contaminated objects
• Close contact w/ pt
• Burial ceremonies (direct contact w/ deceased)
  o Deceased are infectious as long as the virus thrives in the blood
• Pregnant women who recovered
  o Breastmilk or pregnancy related fluids & tissue

Question 10

Signs & Symptoms

Answer 10

1. Fever ≥38.6℃
2. Fatigue
3. Myalgia
4. Rash
5. Headache
6. Sore throat
7. Vomiting
8. Diarrhea
9. Encephalitis
10. Internal & external bleeding

Question 11

Incubation Period

Answer 11

20-21 days

Question 12

After recovering, symptoms last for 2 yrs or longer:

Answer 12

1. Malaise
2. Headache
3. Muscle ache

Question 13

Diagnostic test

Answer 13

1. ELIZA Test
2. Antigen-capture detection tests
3. RTPCR
4. Serum Neutralization
5. Electron Microscopy
6. Virus Isolation by cell culture

Question 14

Treatments (Supportive)

Answer 14

• Hydration (oral & IV fluids)
• Nutrition
• Oxygenation
• Transfusion
• Meds for pain, and other infections
  (e.g., malaria)

Question 15

Prevention & control

Answer 15

1. Handwashing
2. Avoid touching fluids
3. Don’t touch bodies of ppl who died from Ebola
4. Ebola Vax (Ervebo Vax) if at risk for Zaire type

Question 16

Risk reduction

Answer 16

1. Wildlife to human transmission
2. Human to human
3. Outbreak containment (safe & dignified
   burial of the dead)
4. Sexual transmission
   a. Pregnancy related fluids &tissue
   transmissions

Question 17

Standard precautions

Answer 17

1. Hand hygiene
2. Respiratory hygiene
3. Use of ppe (to block splashes or
   touching fomites)
4. Safe injection practices
5. Safe burial practices

Question 18

WHO Management

Answer 18

1. Rehydration & treatment to improve
   survival
2. Strong recommendation for the use of
   the monoclonal antibody treatments:
   a. mAb114 (Ansuvimab; Ebanga)
   b. REGN-EB3 (Inmazeb)