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MEDICAL SURGICAL > Chapter 1 (Part 7) > Flashcards

Chapter 1 (Part 7) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

State of narcosis or severe CNS depression produce by pharmacologic agents, analgesia, and reflex loss

A

Anesthesia

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2
Q

Can produce muscle relaxation, block transmission of pain nerve impulses and suppress reflexes

A

Anesthetics

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3
Q

Temporarily decrease memory retrieval and recall

A

Anesthesia

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4
Q

The effects of anesthesia are monitored by considering the following parameters

A
  1. Respiration
  2. 02 saturation
  3. CO2 levels
  4. HR and BP
  5. Urine output
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5
Q

Types of Anesthesia

A
  1. General
  2. Regional
  3. Local
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6
Q

Reversible

A

General anesthesia

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7
Q

Complete loss of conciousness

A

General Anesthesia

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8
Q

Analgesia, sedation, & relaxant

A

General Anesthesia

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9
Q

Produce amnesia and hypnosis

A

General Anesthesia

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10
Q

Techniques used in General Anesthesia

A
  1. IV Anesthesia
  2. Inhalation Anesthesia
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11
Q

This being administered IV and extremely rapid (GA)

A

IV Anesthesia

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12
Q

How long will IV anesthesia take an effect

A

after 30 minutes of introduction

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13
Q

Volatile liquid or gas introduced via mask or ET tube (GA)

A

Inhalation Anesthesia

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14
Q

What is Inhalation Anesthesia mixed of

A

Nitrous oxide or oxygen

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15
Q

Stages of General Anesthesia

A

Stage 1: Onset/Induction
Stage 2: Excitement/Delirium
Stage 3: Surgical
Stage 4: Medullary/Stage of Danger

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16
Q

Dizziness, feeling of detachment

A

Stage 1: Onset/Induction

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17
Q

Ringing, roaring, buzzing in ear

A

Stage 1: Onset/Induction

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18
Q

Struggling, talking, singing, laughing, or
crying is avoided

A

Stage 2: Excitement/Delirium

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19
Q

Pupils dilate but constrict to light

A

Stage 2: Excitement/Delirium

20
Q

Reached by administration of anesthetic vapor or gas and supported by IV agents

A

Stage 3: Surgical

21
Q

Pt is unconscious and lies quietly on the
table

A

Stage 3: Surgical

22
Q

Pupils are small but constricts to light

A

Stage 3: Surgical

23
Q

Regular PR and volume

A

Stage 3: Surgical

24
Q

Reached if too much anesthesia is
introduced

A

Stage 4: Medullary/Stage of Danger

25
Q

Shallow breathing and thready pulse

A

Stage 4: Medullary/Stage of Danger

26
Q

Cyanosis develops

A

Stage 4: Medullary/Stage of Danger

27
Q

Temporary interruption of interruption of transmission of nerve impulses to & from specific area or region (lidocaine)

A

Regional Anesthesia

28
Q

Techniques used in Regional Anesthesia

A
  1. Topical Anesthesia
  2. Spinal Anesthesia
  3. Epidural Anesthesia
  4. Peripheral Nerve Block
  5. Intravenous Block
  6. Caudal Anesthesia
  7. Field Block Anesthesia
  8. Monitored Anesthesia Care
29
Q

Apply directly to skin and Mucous membrane

A

Topical Anesthesia

30
Q

Where is local anesthetic of spinal anesthesia injection located?

A

Injected through lumbar puncture between L2 and S1

31
Q

Where is the anesthetic agent of Spinal Anesthesia injected?

A

Subarachnoid space surrounding the spinal cord

32
Q

extensive conduction nerve block that is produced when a local anesthetic agent is introduced into the subarachnoid space at the lumbar level, usually between

A

L4 and L5 Mid-spinal; F10- hernia repair &
appendectomy

33
Q

Low spinal (RA)

A

perineal area

34
Q

High spinal

A

+4 CS (tetracaine, lidocaine)

35
Q

cervical bones

A

7

36
Q

thoracic bones

A

12

37
Q

lumbar bones

A

5

38
Q

Injected at epidural space that surrounds the dura mater of the spinal cord

A

Epidural anesthesia

39
Q

Arm, wrist & hand surgery

A

Intravenous block

40
Q

Achieve by injecting into caudal/sacral

A

Caudal Anesthesia

41
Q

Area proximal to a planned incision.

A

Field Block Anesthesia

42
Q

Referred to as monitored sedation

A

Monitored Anesthesia Care

43
Q

is the injection of a solution containing the anesthetic agent into the tissues at the planned incision site.

A

Local Anesthesia

44
Q

Often it is combined with a local regional block by injecting around the nerves immediately supplying the area.

A

Local Anesthesia

45
Q

Advantages of a local anesthesia

A
  1. It is simple, economical and non explosive
  2. Equipment needed is minimal
  3. Post operative recovery is brief
  4. Undesirable effects of general anesthesia is avoided
  5. It is ideal for short and minor surgical procedures

MEDICAL SURGICAL (28 decks)

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