Chapter 1 (Part 7) Flashcards
State of narcosis or severe CNS depression produce by pharmacologic agents, analgesia, and reflex loss
Anesthesia
Can produce muscle relaxation, block transmission of pain nerve impulses and suppress reflexes
Anesthetics
Temporarily decrease memory retrieval and recall
Anesthesia
The effects of anesthesia are monitored by considering the following parameters
- Respiration
- 02 saturation
- CO2 levels
- HR and BP
- Urine output
Types of Anesthesia
- General
- Regional
- Local
Reversible
General anesthesia
Complete loss of conciousness
General Anesthesia
Analgesia, sedation, & relaxant
General Anesthesia
Produce amnesia and hypnosis
General Anesthesia
Techniques used in General Anesthesia
- IV Anesthesia
- Inhalation Anesthesia
This being administered IV and extremely rapid (GA)
IV Anesthesia
How long will IV anesthesia take an effect
after 30 minutes of introduction
Volatile liquid or gas introduced via mask or ET tube (GA)
Inhalation Anesthesia
What is Inhalation Anesthesia mixed of
Nitrous oxide or oxygen
Stages of General Anesthesia
Stage 1: Onset/Induction
Stage 2: Excitement/Delirium
Stage 3: Surgical
Stage 4: Medullary/Stage of Danger
Dizziness, feeling of detachment
Stage 1: Onset/Induction
Ringing, roaring, buzzing in ear
Stage 1: Onset/Induction
Struggling, talking, singing, laughing, or
crying is avoided
Stage 2: Excitement/Delirium
Pupils dilate but constrict to light
Stage 2: Excitement/Delirium
Reached by administration of anesthetic vapor or gas and supported by IV agents
Stage 3: Surgical
Pt is unconscious and lies quietly on the
table
Stage 3: Surgical
Pupils are small but constricts to light
Stage 3: Surgical
Regular PR and volume
Stage 3: Surgical
Reached if too much anesthesia is
introduced
Stage 4: Medullary/Stage of Danger
Shallow breathing and thready pulse
Stage 4: Medullary/Stage of Danger
Cyanosis develops
Stage 4: Medullary/Stage of Danger
Temporary interruption of interruption of transmission of nerve impulses to & from specific area or region (lidocaine)
Regional Anesthesia
Techniques used in Regional Anesthesia
- Topical Anesthesia
- Spinal Anesthesia
- Epidural Anesthesia
- Peripheral Nerve Block
- Intravenous Block
- Caudal Anesthesia
- Field Block Anesthesia
- Monitored Anesthesia Care
Apply directly to skin and Mucous membrane
Topical Anesthesia
Where is local anesthetic of spinal anesthesia injection located?
Injected through lumbar puncture between L2 and S1
Where is the anesthetic agent of Spinal Anesthesia injected?
Subarachnoid space surrounding the spinal cord
extensive conduction nerve block that is produced when a local anesthetic agent is introduced into the subarachnoid space at the lumbar level, usually between
L4 and L5 Mid-spinal; F10- hernia repair &
appendectomy
Low spinal (RA)
perineal area
High spinal
+4 CS (tetracaine, lidocaine)
cervical bones
7
thoracic bones
12
lumbar bones
5
Injected at epidural space that surrounds the dura mater of the spinal cord
Epidural anesthesia
Arm, wrist & hand surgery
Intravenous block
Achieve by injecting into caudal/sacral
Caudal Anesthesia
Area proximal to a planned incision.
Field Block Anesthesia
Referred to as monitored sedation
Monitored Anesthesia Care
is the injection of a solution containing the anesthetic agent into the tissues at the planned incision site.
Local Anesthesia
Often it is combined with a local regional block by injecting around the nerves immediately supplying the area.
Local Anesthesia
Advantages of a local anesthesia
- It is simple, economical and non explosive
- Equipment needed is minimal
- Post operative recovery is brief
- Undesirable effects of general anesthesia is avoided
- It is ideal for short and minor surgical procedures
