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MEDICAL SURGICAL > Chapter 2 (Part 5) > Flashcards

Chapter 2 (Part 5) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Upper Respiratory Problems

A
  1. Rhinitis
    a. Allergic Rhinitis
    b. Acute/Viral Rhinitis
  2. Sinusitis
  3. Influenza
  4. Tonsilitis/Adenoiditis
  5. Pharyngitis
  6. Laryngitis
  7. Epistaxis
  8. Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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2
Q

A group of disorders characterized by inflammation and irritation of the mucous membrane of the nose

A

Rhinitis

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3
Q

It is a non-specific term that covers
infections, allergies, and other disorders
whose common feature is the location at their symptoms

A

Coryza

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4
Q

Non-allergic factors (Rhinitis)

A
  1. Environmental Factors
  2. Changes in temperature or humidity
  3. Odors, foods, infection
  4. OTC medicines
  5. Presence of foreign bodies
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5
Q

Allergic rhinitis sometimes called

A

Hay fever

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6
Q

It is the reaction of the nasal mucosa to a specific antigen (allergen) caused by allergy to pollens from trees, flowers, or gasses.

A

Allergic Rhinitis

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7
Q

Inflammatory cells

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Eosinophils
  3. Lymphocytes
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8
Q

Diagnostic Test (Allergic Rhinitis)

A
  1. Allergy skin test
  2. Fluorescent enzyme immunoassay (FEIA)
  3. WBC
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9
Q

Intervention for Allergic Rhinitis

A
  1. Adequate fluid intake
  2. Rest
  3. Warm salt water gargle
  4. Proper hand washing
  5. Keeping warm
  6. Give medications
  7. Humidifiers, mist, nebulizer
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10
Q

Usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection

A

Acute viral/bacterial rhinitis

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11
Q

often is used when referring to a URI that is self limited and caused by a virus.

A

Viral rhinitis (Common cold)

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12
Q

refers to an infectious, acute inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity characterized by nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, sore throat, and general malaise.

A

Cold

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13
Q

Nursing management of Acute Rhinitis

A
  1. Instruct pt to avoid or reduce exposure to allergens or irritants
  2. Pt education ragarding the use of OTC medications
  3. Saline nasal spray
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14
Q

Medical Management for acute rhinitis

A
  1. Anti-histamine
  2. Decongestant
  3. Low dose steroids therapy/intranasal
  4. Corticosteroids
  5. Antibiotics
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15
Q

Is an inflammation of the mucous
membrane of the paranasal sinuses

A

Sinusitis

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16
Q

Acute sinusitis

A

less than 4 weeks

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17
Q

Sub-acute sinusitis

A

4 to 12 weeks

18
Q

Chronic sinusitis

A

greater than 12 weeks

19
Q

is the infection of more than one sinus.

A

Parasinusitis

20
Q

is an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses nasal cavity (nose and sinuses)

A

Rhinosinusitis

21
Q

90% of sinusitis

A

Viral infection

22
Q

Bacteria for sinusitis

A

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

23
Q

Complications for Sinusitis

A

Meningitis
Brain abscess
Osteomyelitis
Ischemic Brain infarction

24
Q

Clinical manifestation of Sinusitis

A
  1. Facial Pain
  2. Nasal obstruction
  3. Fatigue
  4. Purulent nasal discharge
  5. Fever, headache
  6. Ear pain
  7. Cough early mucous
25
Q

Diagnosis for sinusitis

A
  1. Sinus xray
  2. ct scan
  3. sinus aspirate through culture technique
26
Q

Medical Management for Sinusitis

A
  1. Antibiotics
  2. Decongestant
  3. Antihistamines
  4. Healed mist or saline irrigation
27
Q

Nursing management for sinusitis

A
  1. Pt education
  2. Instruct pt about methods to promote drainage of the sinuses
  3. advise pt to avoid swimming, diving, travel
  4. Stresses the importance of following recommended antibiotic regimens
  5. Explain that fever, severe headache, and nuchal rigidity are signs of complication
28
Q

Viral infection of the respiratory tract

A

Influenza

29
Q

A communicable disease spread by droplet infection differs from a common cold primarily in its sudden onset

A

Influenza

30
Q

Incubation period of influenza

A

1-4 days

31
Q

Manifestations of influenza

A
  1. Abrupt onset of chills and fever
  2. Fever
  3. malaise
  4. Muscle aches
  5. headaches
32
Q

Complications of influenza

A
  1. Sinusitis
  2. Pneumonia
  3. Otitis media
33
Q

Out pouching of mucous membrane lining the nose or paranasal sinuses

A

Nasal Polyps

34
Q

Assessment of nasal polyps

A
  1. Revealed in Gross examination
  2. Nasal obstruction
35
Q

Removal of polyps

A

Nasal Polypectomy

36
Q

Acute infection of palatine tonsils commonly caused by streptococcal organism

A

Tonsilitis/Adenoiditis

37
Q

Signs and symptoms /Manifestations of Tonsilitis/Adenoiditis

A
  1. Sore throat
  2. fever
  3. snoring
  4. Difficulty in swallowing
  5. Mouth breathing
  6. Earache
  7. Draining ears
  8. halitosis
  9. General body malaise
  10. Cervical lymphadenopathy
38
Q

Diagnostic test for Tonsilitis/Adenoiditis

A
  1. rapid antigen detection test (RADT)
  2. Rapid strep test (RST)
  3. Culture of tonsillar Site
39
Q

Surgical treatment for Tonsilitis/Adenoiditis

A

Tonsillectomy if the pt had multiple tonsilitis in a year

40
Q

Complication of Tonsilitis/Adenoiditis

A
  1. Acute otitis and acute mastoiditis
  2. AGN
  3. RHF & RHD
  4. Pneumonia
  5. Osteomyelitis
  6. Hemorrhage (Post-op)
41
Q

Nursing management for Tonsilitis/Adenoiditis

A
  1. Increase fluid intake
  2. Administer analgesic
  3. Salt water gargle
  4. rest
  5. give penicillin for bacterial infections
  6. avoid vigorous toothbrushing

MEDICAL SURGICAL (28 decks)

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