Chapter 2 (Glossary)

Question 1

temporary cessation of breathing

Answer 1

Apnea

Question 2

abnormal increase in clarity of transmitted voice sounds heard when auscultating the lungs

Answer 2

Bronchophony

Question 3

direct examination of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi using an endoscope

Answer 3

Bronchoscopy

Question 4

short, fine hairs that provide a constant whipping motion that serves to propel mucus and foreign substances away from the lung toward the larynx

Answer 4

Cilia

Question 5

measure of the force required to expand or inflate the lungs

Answer 5

Compliance

Question 6

nonmusical, discontinuous popping sounds during inspiration caused by delayed reopening of the airways heard on chest auscultation

Answer 6

Crackles

Question 7

subjective experience that describes an uncomfortable or painful breathing sensation when either at rest or while walking or climbing stairs

Answer 7

Dyspnea

Question 8

Commonly known as shortness of breaths

Answer 8

Dyspnea

Question 9

abnormal change in tone of voice that is heard when auscultating the lungs

Answer 9

Egophony

Question 10

vibrations of speech felt as tremors of the chest wall during palpation

Answer 10

Fremitus

Question 11

expectoration of blood from the respiratory tract

Answer 11

Hemoptysis

Question 12

decrease in arterial oxygen tension in the blood

Answer 12

Hypoxemia

Question 13

decrease in oxygen supply to the tissues and cells

Answer 13

Hypoxia

Question 14

temporary absence of breathing during sleep secondary to transient upper airway obstruction

Answer 14

Obstructive sleep apnea

Question 15

shortness of breath when lying flat; relieved by sitting or standing

Answer 15

Orthopnea

Question 16

percentage of hemoglobin that is bound to oxygen

Answer 16

Oxygen saturation

Question 17

portion of the tracheobronchial tree that does not participate in gas exchange

Answer 17

Physiologic Dead space

Question 18

exchange of gas molecules (oxygen and carbon dioxide) from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

Answer 18

Pulmonary diffusion

Question 19

blood flow through the pulmonary vasculature

Answer 19

Pulmonary perfusion

Question 20

gas exchange between atmospheric air and the blood and between the blood and cells of the body

Answer 20

Respiration

Question 21

deep, low-pitched snoring sound associated with partial airway obstruction, heard on chest auscultation

Answer 21

Rhonchi

Question 22

continuous, high-pitched, musical sound heard on inspiration, best heard over the neck; may be heard without use of a stethoscope, secondary to upper airway obstruction

Answer 22

Stridor