Chapter 2 (Glossary) Flashcards
temporary cessation of breathing
Apnea
abnormal increase in clarity of transmitted voice sounds heard when auscultating the lungs
Bronchophony
direct examination of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi using an endoscope
Bronchoscopy
short, fine hairs that provide a constant whipping motion that serves to propel mucus and foreign substances away from the lung toward the larynx
Cilia
measure of the force required to expand or inflate the lungs
Compliance
nonmusical, discontinuous popping sounds during inspiration caused by delayed reopening of the airways heard on chest auscultation
Crackles
subjective experience that describes an uncomfortable or painful breathing sensation when either at rest or while walking or climbing stairs
Dyspnea
Commonly known as shortness of breaths
Dyspnea
abnormal change in tone of voice that is heard when auscultating the lungs
Egophony
vibrations of speech felt as tremors of the chest wall during palpation
Fremitus
expectoration of blood from the respiratory tract
Hemoptysis
decrease in arterial oxygen tension in the blood
Hypoxemia
decrease in oxygen supply to the tissues and cells
Hypoxia
temporary absence of breathing during sleep secondary to transient upper airway obstruction
Obstructive sleep apnea
shortness of breath when lying flat; relieved by sitting or standing
Orthopnea
percentage of hemoglobin that is bound to oxygen
Oxygen saturation
portion of the tracheobronchial tree that does not participate in gas exchange
Physiologic Dead space
exchange of gas molecules (oxygen and carbon dioxide) from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
Pulmonary diffusion
blood flow through the pulmonary vasculature
Pulmonary perfusion
gas exchange between atmospheric air and the blood and between the blood and cells of the body
Respiration
deep, low-pitched snoring sound associated with partial airway obstruction, heard on chest auscultation
Rhonchi
continuous, high-pitched, musical sound heard on inspiration, best heard over the neck; may be heard without use of a stethoscope, secondary to upper airway obstruction
Stridor
