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MEDICAL SURGICAL > Chapter 1 (Part 5) > Flashcards

Chapter 1 (Part 5) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Routine of Preoperative Screening Test

A
  1. CBC
  2. Blood Grouping and Cross making
  3. Serum Electrolytes
  4. Prothrombin Time (PT); Partial Prothrombin Time (PPT)
  5. Fasting Blood Glucose
  6. Blood Urea Nitrogen, Creatinine
  7. Bilirubin, Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphate Aminotransferase (AST)
  8. Total Albumin, Total Protein (CHON)
  9. Urinalysis
  10. X-ray
  11. ECG
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2
Q

An important oxygen carrying capacity of blood

A

RBC count, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit

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3
Q

They are active substance in plasma, which forms a clot that allows wound to heal

A

Platelet

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4
Q

Indicator of immune function

A

WBC

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5
Q

Determine incase a blood transfusion is required during or after surgery

A

Blood grouping and cross making

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6
Q

To evaluate fluid and electrolytes

A

Serum electrolytes

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7
Q

Measure time required for clotting to occur

A

Prothrombin Time (PT), Partial Prothrombin Time (PPT)

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8
Q

High level may indicate undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus

A

Fasting Blood Glucose

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9
Q

To evaluate renal function

A

Blood Urea Nitrogen, Creatinine

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10
Q

To evaluate liver function

A

Bilirubin, Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphate Aminotransferase (AST)
SGPT & SGOT

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11
Q

To evaluate nutritional status

A

Total Albumin, Total Protein (CHON)

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12
Q

Determine urine composition

A

Urinalysis

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13
Q

Respiratory status, Heart size

A

X-Ray

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14
Q

Identify cardiac problems and check for arrythmias

A

ECG

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15
Q

PREOPERATIVE NURSING INTERVENTION

A
  1. Prepare pt. physically & psychologically & maintain safety
  2. Patient education
  3. Deep breathing, coughing exercises, incentive spirometry
  4. Mobility and Active Body movement
  5. Pain management
  6. Nursing Care
  7. Administering preop medication
  8. Maintaining the preop checklist
  9. Pre-operative patient warning
  10. Transporting the patient to presurgical area
  11. Attending to family needs
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16
Q

Mobility and Active Body movement

A
  • Passive range of motion
  • Active range of motion
  • Passive-assistive range of motion
17
Q

Pain management

A
  • Breathing exercises
  • Positioning
  • Guided Imagery
18
Q

EDUCATION FOR PATIENT UNDERGOING AMBULATORY SURGERY

A
  1. Avoiding physiological Intervention
  2. Reducing anxiety and decreasing fear
  3. Respecting cultural, spiritual, and religious belief
  4. Maintaining patient’s safety
  5. Managing nutrition and fluids
  6. Preparing the bowel
  7. Preparing the skin
19
Q

ASA

A

American Society of Anesthesiologists Guidelines for Pre-Operative Fasting

20
Q

ASA minimum fasting period for Clear liquids

A

2 hours

21
Q

ASA minimum fasting period for Breast Milk

A

4 hours

22
Q

ASA minimum fasting period for Nonhuman milk

A

6 hours

23
Q

ASA minimum fasting period for Light meal

A

6 hours

24
Q

ASA minimum fasting period for Regular/heavy meals

A

8 hours

25
Q

Evening Before surgery

A
  1. Prep skin
  2. Full bath to lessen microorganisms
  3. Prepare the GI tract
  4. Prepare for Anesthesia
  5. Promoting rest & sleep
26
Q

How to prepare GI tract

A

NPO
Cleansing enema

27
Q

How to prepare for anesthesia

A

Avoid alcohol and cigarette smoking for at least 24 hours before surgery

28
Q

How to promote rest and sleep

A

Administer Sedative

29
Q

Early Morning Care

A
  1. Wakeup 1 hr before preop meds
  2. Morning bath, mouthwash
  3. Clean gown
  4. Remove hairpins, braid long hair and cover with cap
  5. Remove dentures, colored nail polish, Hearing aids, contact lenses, jewelries
  6. Take vital sign before preop medication
  7. Check ID band and skin prep
  8. Check for special order - Enema, IV line
  9. Check NPO
  10. Void before preop meds
  11. Continue to support emotionally
  12. Accomplished preop checklist
30
Q

Commonly used preop meds

A
  1. Tranquilizers and Sedatives
    - Midazolam
    - Diazepam
    - Lorazepam
    - Diphenhydramine
    - Analgesics
    - Nalbuphine (Nubain)
    - Atropine Sulfate
    - Proton Pump Inhibitors
31
Q

Transporting Patient to the OR

A
  1. Adhere to principles of maintaining comfort and safety to the patient
  2. Accompany OR attendants to the patient’s bedside for introduction and Identification
  3. Assist in transferring
32
Q

Patient’s Family

A
  1. Direct Proper waiting room
  2. Surgeon will probably contact them after surgery

MEDICAL SURGICAL (28 decks)

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