Chapter 1 (Part 3) Flashcards
Includes outpatient, same-day, or short stay, surgery that does not require an overnight hospital stay.
Ambulatory surgery
The patient’s autonomous decision about whether to undergo a surgical procedure, based on the nature of the condition, the treatment options, and the risks and benefits involved
Informed consent
Period of time that begins with transfer of the patient to the operating room and continues until the patient is admitted to the postanesthesia care unit
Intraoperative phase
Period of time that constitutes the surgical experience; includes the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phase of nursing care
Perioperative phase
Period of time that begins with the admission of the patient to the postanesthesia care unit and ends after the follow-up evaluation in the clinical setting or home
Postoperative phase
Diagnostic testing performed before admission to the hospital
Preadmission testing
Period of time from when the decision for surgical intervention is made to when the patient is transferred to the operating room table
Preoperative phase
Surgical Classifications according to purpose
- Diagnostic
- Curative
- Palliative
- Rehabilitative
- Aesthetic
To establish the presence of a disease condition
Diagnostic
Examples are: biopsy, laparotomy, laparoscopy
Diagnostic
To treat disease condition
Curative
Three types of Curative surgical classification
- Ablative
- Constructive
- Reconstructive
Removal of an organ (ectomy)
Ablative
Repair of congenitally defective organ (plasty, ooraphy, pexy, skin grafting)
Constructive
Repair of the damage organ (Hernia)
Reconstructive
To relieve distressing sign and symptom not necessarily to cure the disease
Palliative
Examples are: debulking, removal of gallbladder, tumors (for comfort)
Palliative
Examples are: total joint replacement, surgery to correct crippling pain or progression of degenerative osteoarthritis
Rehabilitative
To improve physical feature that within the normal range (cosmetic)
Aesthetic
Reasons why a patient needs a surgery
- To cure an illness or disease by removing the diseased tissue or organs
- To visualize internal structures during diagnosis
- To obtain tissue for examination
- To prevent disease or injury
- To improve appearance
- To repair or remove traumatized tissue and structures
Categories of Surgery Based on Urgency
- Emergent
- Urgent
- Required
- Elective
- Optional
Immediate attention, without delay, STAT, Life threatening
Emergent
Patient prompt attention
Urgent
Patient needs to have surgery
Required
Patient should have surgery
Elective
Decision Rest with patient
Optional
Urgency of an emergent surgery
Without delay (severe bleeding)
Urgency of an urgent surgery
Within 24 - 30 hrs. (Closed fracture)
Urgency of a Required surgery
Plan within weeks or months (c-section)
Urgency of an Elective surgery
Failure to have surgery, not catastrophic (hernia)
Urgency of an Optional Surgery
Personal preference (cosmetic surgery)
Degree of Risk of a Major Surgery
- High Risk/Greater Risk for Infection
- Extensive
- Prolonged
- Large amount of blood loss
- Vital organ may be handled or removed
Degree of Risk of a Minor Surgery
- Generally not prolonged
- Leads to few serious complications
- Involves less risk.
Examples of a major surgery
Organ transplant
Removal of a brain tumor
Removal of a damaged kidney
Open heart surgery
Examples of a minor surgery
Circumcision
Removal of Ingrown toenails
Removal of lumps and bumps such as lipoma
Sebaceous cysts
Stitches for open wounds and nasty cuts
Special Considerations during the Perioperative Period
- Reduce surgical complications
- Gerontologic Considerations
- Bariatric Patients
- Patients with disabilities
- Patients undergoing ambulatory surgery
- Patient undergoing emergency surgery
