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MEDICAL SURGICAL > Chapter 1 (Part 3) > Flashcards

Chapter 1 (Part 3) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Includes outpatient, same-day, or short stay, surgery that does not require an overnight hospital stay.

A

Ambulatory surgery

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2
Q

The patient’s autonomous decision about whether to undergo a surgical procedure, based on the nature of the condition, the treatment options, and the risks and benefits involved

A

Informed consent

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3
Q

Period of time that begins with transfer of the patient to the operating room and continues until the patient is admitted to the postanesthesia care unit

A

Intraoperative phase

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4
Q

Period of time that constitutes the surgical experience; includes the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phase of nursing care

A

Perioperative phase

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5
Q

Period of time that begins with the admission of the patient to the postanesthesia care unit and ends after the follow-up evaluation in the clinical setting or home

A

Postoperative phase

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6
Q

Diagnostic testing performed before admission to the hospital

A

Preadmission testing

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7
Q

Period of time from when the decision for surgical intervention is made to when the patient is transferred to the operating room table

A

Preoperative phase

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8
Q

Surgical Classifications according to purpose

A
  1. Diagnostic
  2. Curative
  3. Palliative
  4. Rehabilitative
  5. Aesthetic
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9
Q

To establish the presence of a disease condition

A

Diagnostic

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10
Q

Examples are: biopsy, laparotomy, laparoscopy

A

Diagnostic

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11
Q

To treat disease condition

A

Curative

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12
Q

Three types of Curative surgical classification

A
  1. Ablative
  2. Constructive
  3. Reconstructive
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13
Q

Removal of an organ (ectomy)

A

Ablative

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14
Q

Repair of congenitally defective organ (plasty, ooraphy, pexy, skin grafting)

A

Constructive

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15
Q

Repair of the damage organ (Hernia)

A

Reconstructive

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16
Q

To relieve distressing sign and symptom not necessarily to cure the disease

A

Palliative

17
Q

Examples are: debulking, removal of gallbladder, tumors (for comfort)

A

Palliative

18
Q

Examples are: total joint replacement, surgery to correct crippling pain or progression of degenerative osteoarthritis

A

Rehabilitative

19
Q

To improve physical feature that within the normal range (cosmetic)

A

Aesthetic

20
Q

Reasons why a patient needs a surgery

A
  1. To cure an illness or disease by removing the diseased tissue or organs
  2. To visualize internal structures during diagnosis
  3. To obtain tissue for examination
  4. To prevent disease or injury
  5. To improve appearance
  6. To repair or remove traumatized tissue and structures
21
Q

Categories of Surgery Based on Urgency

A
  1. Emergent
  2. Urgent
  3. Required
  4. Elective
  5. Optional
22
Q

Immediate attention, without delay, STAT, Life threatening

A

Emergent

23
Q

Patient prompt attention

A

Urgent

24
Q

Patient needs to have surgery

A

Required

25
Q

Patient should have surgery

A

Elective

26
Q

Decision Rest with patient

A

Optional

27
Q

Urgency of an emergent surgery

A

Without delay (severe bleeding)

28
Q

Urgency of an urgent surgery

A

Within 24 - 30 hrs. (Closed fracture)

29
Q

Urgency of a Required surgery

A

Plan within weeks or months (c-section)

30
Q

Urgency of an Elective surgery

A

Failure to have surgery, not catastrophic (hernia)

31
Q

Urgency of an Optional Surgery

A

Personal preference (cosmetic surgery)

32
Q

Degree of Risk of a Major Surgery

A
  1. High Risk/Greater Risk for Infection
  2. Extensive
  3. Prolonged
  4. Large amount of blood loss
  5. Vital organ may be handled or removed
33
Q

Degree of Risk of a Minor Surgery

A
  1. Generally not prolonged
  2. Leads to few serious complications
  3. Involves less risk.
34
Q

Examples of a major surgery

A

Organ transplant
Removal of a brain tumor
Removal of a damaged kidney
Open heart surgery

35
Q

Examples of a minor surgery

A

Circumcision
Removal of Ingrown toenails
Removal of lumps and bumps such as lipoma
Sebaceous cysts
Stitches for open wounds and nasty cuts

36
Q

Special Considerations during the Perioperative Period

A
  1. Reduce surgical complications
  2. Gerontologic Considerations
  3. Bariatric Patients
  4. Patients with disabilities
  5. Patients undergoing ambulatory surgery
  6. Patient undergoing emergency surgery

MEDICAL SURGICAL (28 decks)

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