Chapter 2.2 (Part 2)

Question 1

Inflammation of lung parenchyma caused by various microorganisms (bacteria, mycobacteria, chlamydia, mycoplasma, fungi, parasites) that interferes with the ventilation process

Answer 1

Pneumonia

Question 2

Classifications of Pneumonia

Answer 2

CAP
HCAP
HAP
VAP
AP
LP
BP

Question 3

occurs either in the community setting or within the first 48 hours after hospitalization.

Answer 3

CAP

Question 4

Pneumonia occurring in a non hospitalized patient with extensive health care contact

Answer 4

HCAP

Question 5

also known as nosocomial pneumonia is defined as the onset of pneumonia symptoms more than 48 hours after admission in patients with no evidence of infection at the time of admission.

Answer 5

HAP

Question 6

individual connected to ventilator, microbes can move from the endotracheal tube directly unto the lung.

Answer 6

VAP

Question 7

gastric secretion, food fluid, tube feedings into airways

Answer 7

AP

Question 8

complete consolidation of whole lobe of lung

Answer 8

LP

Question 9

infection can be throughout the lung involving the
bronchioles as well as the alveoli

Answer 9

BP

Question 10

is an acute, rapidly progressive idiopathic lung disease that often leads to respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome differ from other pneumonia because of its rapid onset and severity

Answer 10

Interstitial Pneumonia

Question 11

Other name for Interstitial Pneumonia

Answer 11

Hamman-Rich Syndrome

Question 12

Classifications By site

Answer 12

Lobar
Broncho
Interstitial

Question 13

Related Factors

Answer 13

Elderly
Infants
Substance abusers
cigarette smokers
pt with COPD
Post op (prolonged bed rest)
pt with aids
malnutrition

Question 14

Precipitating Factors

Answer 14

Age
Immunosuppressive Disorder
Medical comorbidities
Underlying cardiopulmo disease
Structural lung disease

Question 15

Predisposing factors

Answer 15

Alcoholism
Recent antibiotic therapy
Malnutrition
contaminated food and water
Infectious agents

Question 16

Causative agents

Answer 16

Viral
Bacterial
Atypical
Fungal

Question 17

Inflammatory mediators

Answer 17

Histamines
Leukotrienes
Prostaglandins
Platelet activating factors

Question 18

Insoluble protein

Answer 18

Fibrin

Question 19

Stage engulfing eating bacteria and virus

Answer 19

Greyhepatization

Question 20

Complications

Answer 20

Empyema, pleuritis, pleural effusion
Lung abscess and bacteremia
Shock and Respiratory Failure
Heart Failure, cardiac dysrhythmias, pericarditis

Question 21

Assessment findings

Answer 21

Cough with greenish to rust-colored
sputum production
Rapid, shallow respirations with an
expiratory grunt
nasal flaring; intercostal rib retraction; use
of accessory muscles of respiration
rales or crackles (early) progressing to
coarse (later)
rhonchi , wheezing
tactile fremitus is increased
Fever, chills, chest pain,
weakness, generalized malaise
Tachycardia, cyanosis
Rapid shallow breathing

Question 22

Diagnostic findings

Answer 22

History of RTI
Chest xray
Blood culture
Sputum examination
WBC increased
PaO2 decreased