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Biology 108 > Chapter 5 Skeletal System Reverse > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Skeletal System Reverse Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

reverse

bones

joints

cartilages

ligaments

A

Skeletal system

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2
Q

reverse

Axial skeleton

appendicular skeleton

A

skeletal subdivisions

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3
Q

reverse

206

A

bone in an adult

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4
Q

reverse

support the body protect soft organs allow movement due to attached muscle store minerals and fats blood cell formation

A

function of bones

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5
Q

reverse

compact bone outside osteon spongy bone-inside

A

bone tissue

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6
Q

reverse

Long bones

short bones

flat bones

irregular bones

A

classification of bone shape

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7
Q

reverse

typically longer than wide expanded end femur, humerus

A

long bones

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8
Q

reverse

generally cube shaped carpals and tarsals

A

short bones

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9
Q

reverse

thin flattened and usually curved skull, ribs and sternum

A

flat bones

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10
Q

reverse

irregular shape do not fit other classification categories vertebrae, hip bones

A

irregular bones

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11
Q

reverse

Diaphysis

epiphysis

periosteum

perforating fibers

articular cartilage

epiphyseal plate e

piphyseal line

medujllary cavity

A

long bone structure

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12
Q

reverse

shaft wall thick layer of compact bone covering spngy bone

A

diaphysis

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13
Q

reverse

expanded joints forms joints spngy bone covered by compact bone

A

epiphysis

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14
Q

reverse

outside covering of the diaphysis blood vessels just underneath fibrous connective tissue membrane

A

periosteum

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15
Q

reverse

secure periosteum to the underlying bone

A

perforating fibers

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16
Q

reverse

covers external surface of epiphysis located on articulated surface made of hyaline cartilage decreases friction at joint surfaces

A

articular cartilage

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17
Q

reverse

flat plate of hyaline cartilage seen in young growing bone

A

epipyseal plate

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18
Q

reverse

remnant of epiphyseal plate seen in adult bones

A

epiphyseal line

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19
Q

reverse

cavity inside diaphysis lined by endosteum contains yellow marrow in adults contains red marrow in infants highly vascular

A

medullary cavity

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20
Q

reverse

osteon central canal lamellae lacunae nutrient foramen perforating canal canaliculi

A

microscopic anatomy of bone

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21
Q

reverse

funtional unit of compact bone containing central canal and matrix rings

A

osteon

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22
Q

reverse

opening in the center of an osteon carries blood vessels and nerves

A

central canal

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23
Q

reverse

rings around the central canal

A

lamellae

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24
Q

reverse

cavities containing osteocytes between lamellae

A

lacunae

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25
Q

reverse

on surface of bone where blood vessels enter and leave

A

nutrient foramen

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26
Q

reverse

canal perpendicular to the central canal carries blood vessels and nerves

A

perforating canal

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27
Q

reverse

tiny canals radiate from central canal to lacunae form transparent system connecting all bone cells to nutrient supply

A

canaliculi

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28
Q

reverse

ossification intramembranous ossification endochondral ossification bone growth appositional growth

A

Bone formation

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29
Q

reverse

bone formation calicification of bone

A

ossification

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30
Q

reverse

begins as fibrous sheet produces flat bones

A

intramembranous ossification

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31
Q

reverse

bone develops from hyaline cartilage model six weeks fetal development to early 20s most bones develop this way

A

endochondral ossification

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32
Q

reverse

epiphyseal plates allow for longitudinal growth of long bones during childhood new cartilage is continuously formed older cartilage becomes ossified epiphyseal plate ossifys then growth stops

A

bone growth

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33
Q

reverse

process by which bones grow in diameter

A

appositional growth

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34
Q

reverse

process of reabsorption and depostion that occurs throughout life 3-5percent annually

A

bone remodeling

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35
Q

reverse

blood calcium level pull of gravity and muscles on the skeleton

A

remodeling factors

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36
Q

reverse

osteoclasts secure substances that break down calcified extracellular matrix Acids dissolve inorganic components Lysosomal enzymes digest organic components Osteoblasts secrete new bone

A

cells involved in remodeling

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37
Q

reverse

osteocyte mature bone cells osteoblast bone forming cells osteoclasts bone destroying cells

A

types of bone cells

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38
Q

reverse

forms longitudinal axis of the body support head neck and trunk 3 parts

A

Axial skeleton

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39
Q

reverse

Skull and hyoid vertebral column ribs and sternum

A

parts of axial skeleton

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40
Q

reverse

two sets of bones cranial and facial bones are joined by sutures only mandible is attached f=reely moving

A

Skull

41
Q

reverse

maxilla palatine

A

bones of hard palate

42
Q

reverse

ethmoid vomer

A

bones of nasal septum

43
Q

reverse

hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal cavity frontal maxillary ethmoid sphenoid

A

paranasal sinuses

44
Q

reverse

lighten the skull give resonance and amplification to voice

A

functions of paranasal sinuses

45
Q

reverse

only bone that does not articulate with any other bone serves as a movable base for tongue aids is swallowing and speech

A

hyoid bone

46
Q

reverse

large compared to infants body frontanels fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones allow bone to grow convert to bone within 24 months

A

fetal skull

47
Q

reverse

24 bones separated by discs 7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacrum fused 4 coccyx fused

A

vertebral column

48
Q

reverse

primary are spinacurvatures of the thoracic and sacralsecondary are spinal curvatures of cervical and lumbar

A

spine curvature

49
Q

reverse

present from birth convex posteriorly

A

primary spinal curve

50
Q

reverse

develope after birth convex anteriorly

A

secondary spinal curve

51
Q

reverse

scoliosis abnormal lateral curve kyphosis exaggerated thoracic curve lordosis abnormal anterior convexity of lumbar

A

spinal curvature disorders

52
Q

reverse

body anterior weight bearing portion foramen canal which spinal cord passes spinous process

A

Vertebrae

53
Q

reverse

Atlas C1 Axis C2 transverse foramen 2 holes spinous points down

A

cervical vertebrae

54
Q

reverse

long pointed spinous process large body horseshoe shaped articulate with ribs giraffe

A

thoracic vertebrae

55
Q

reverse

large rounder bodies supports body weight no facet for rib lumbering moose

A

lumbar vertebrae

56
Q

reverse

formed by fusion of 5 vertebrae

A

sacrum

57
Q

reverse

formed by fusion of 4 vertebrae tailbone

A

coccyx

58
Q

reverse

child 33 adult 26

A

total number of vertebrae

59
Q

reverse

forms a cage to protect major organs sternum ribs thoracic vertebrae

A

bony thorax

60
Q

reverse

true ribs 1-7 false ribs 8-12 floating ribs 11-12

A

ribs

61
Q

reverse

126 bones limbs pectoral girdle pelvic girdle

A

appendicular skeleton

62
Q

reverse

clavicle collarbone scapula shoulder blade

A

pectoral girdle shoulder

63
Q

reverse

elongated s shaped bones forms joint with sternum only joint that attaches upper limb to axial skeleton

A

clavicle

64
Q

reverse

flat triangular bone articulates with clavicle and humerus

A

scapula

65
Q

reverse

humerus brachium extends from scapula to elbow antebrachium 2 bones ulna medial bone radius lateral bone

A

bones of upper limbs

66
Q

reverse

8 carpals wrist bones 5 metacarpals palm 14 phalanges fingers

A

Manus hand

67
Q

reverse

2 coxal bones ossa coxae composed of 3 fused bones illium ischium pubis protects several organs, reproductive, urinary and part of large intestine

A

Pelvic girdle

68
Q

reverse

Femur heaviest and strongest in body crural region 2 bones tibia shinbone larger and medial fibula lateral to tibia thins and sticklike, non weight bearing

A

Lower limbs

69
Q

reverse

7 tarsals largest talus calcaneus heelbone 5 metatarsals top 14 phalanges toes

A

Foot bones

70
Q

reverse

articulation holds bones together allows for mobility

A

joint

71
Q

reverse

functionally structurally

A

joint classifications

72
Q

reverse

synarthoses immovable joints amphiarthoses slightly movable joints diarthoses freely movable joints

A

Funtional joints

73
Q

reverse

fibrous joints cartilaginous joints synovial joints

A

structural joints

74
Q

reverse

generally immovable articulating bones held together by fibrous tissue no joint cavity

A

fibrous jointts

75
Q

reverse

immovable or slightly movable bones connected by cartilage no cavity

A

cartilaginous joint

76
Q

reverse

freely movable joint articulating bones separated by cavity most complex most joints in body

A

synovial joint

77
Q

reverse

hyaline cartilage covers ends of bones fibrous capsule encloses joint surface dense connective tissue joint cavity is fill with synovial fluid lubricates articulating surfaces

A

synovial joint features

78
Q

reverse

structures associated with synovial joint

A

ligaments

79
Q

reverse

flattened fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid not part of joint reduces friction between muscles and bone, tendon and bone

A

bursae

80
Q

reverse

elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon

A

tendon sheath

81
Q

reverse

fibro cartilage pads shock absorbers limit lateral movement

A

menisci of knee

82
Q

reverse

cruciate ligaments limit anterior-posterior movement of knee ligamentum capitus of hip

A

ligaments

83
Q

reverse

plane joint hinge joint pivot joint condyloid joint saddle joint ball and socket joint

A

types of synovial joints

84
Q

reverse

articulating surfaces nearly flat between carpal and tarsal bones

A

Plane joint

85
Q

reverse

convex surface fits into a concave surface elbow, knee interphalangeal

A

hinge joint

86
Q

reverse

cylyndrical surface rotates with a ring of bone atlas and axis vertebrae proximal radius and ulna

A

pivot joint

87
Q

reverse

ovoid condyloe fitting into and elliptical cavity between metacarpal and phalanges

A

condyloid joint

88
Q

reverse

articulating surfaces have both concave and convex areas carpal bones and 1st metacarpal

A

saddle joint

89
Q

reverse

bone with globular or egg shaped head articulating with the cup cavity of another bone hip and shoulder

A

ball and socket joint

90
Q

1

A

Osteon

91
Q

2

A

Lamellae

92
Q

3

A

Collagen Fiber

93
Q

4

A

periosteum

94
Q

5

A

spongy bone

95
Q

6

A

perforating canal

96
Q

7

A

central canal

97
Q

8

A

lacuna

98
Q

9

A

osteocyte

99
Q

10

A

canaliculi

Biology 108 (38 decks)

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