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Biology 108 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of structure and shape of body and parts

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Study of how the body and its parts work and function

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3
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

Large structures easily observable

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4
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A

very small structures can only be viewed with a microscope

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5
Q

Structural Organization

A

Chemical Cellular Tissue Organ Organ Systems organism

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6
Q

Organ System

A

Integumentary Skin Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endochrine Cardiocvascular Lymphatic Respiratory Digestive Urinary Reproductive

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7
Q

Integumentary Skin

A

forms the external body covering protects deeper tissue from injury helps regulate body temperature loacation of cutaneous receptors sweat and oil glands

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8
Q

Skeletal system

A

protects and supports body organisms provides muscle attachment for movement site of blood cell formation stores minerals

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9
Q

Muscular System

A

produces movement maintains posture produces heat

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10
Q

Nervous System

A

fast acting system responds to internal and external change activates muscles and glands

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11
Q

Endocrine System

A

slow acting systems secretes regulatory hormones growth reproduction metablolism

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12
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart oxygen, carbon, dioxide, nutrients, wastes

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13
Q

Lymphatic system

A

returns fluids to blood vessels cleanses the blood involved in immunity

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14
Q

Respiratory system

A

keeps blood supplied with oxygen removes carbon dioxide

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15
Q

Digestive System

A

breaks down food allows for nutrient absorption into blood eliminates indigestible material

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16
Q

Urinary System

A

eliminates nitrogenous wastes maintains acid base balance regulates water and electrolytes

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17
Q

Reproductive System

A

produces offspring testes produce sperm Ovaries produce eggs

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18
Q

Functions for Life

A

Maintain boundaries Movement Responsiveness Digestion metabolism Excretion Reproduction Growth

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19
Q

Maintain Boundaries

A

Internal environment is different from external integumentary system keeps fluid in bacteria out protects agains sun heat and chemicals

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20
Q

Movement

A

locomotion walking swimming facial expression movement of substances food and waste through alimentary canal blood urine

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21
Q

Responsiveness

A

ability to sense changes and react

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22
Q

Digestion

A

break down and absorption of nutrients

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23
Q

Metabolism

A

all chemical reactoins in body breakdown complex molecules to smaller build smaller to larger produce energy make body structures

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24
Q

Excretion

A

removing wastes produced during metabolic reactions and digestion primarily removed in urine and feces

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25
Q

Reproduction

A

Produces future generations occurs on cellular level or organismal level

26
Q

Growth

A

increases cell size and number of cells

27
Q

Survival needs

A

Nutrients Oxygen Water Stable body Temperature Atmospheric Pressure

28
Q

Nutrients

A

chemiclas for cell building carbs proteins lipids vitamins minerals

29
Q

oxygen

A

required for chemical reactions

30
Q

Water

A

60-80 of body weight provides for metabolic reaction

31
Q

Atmospheric Pressure

A

must be appropriate for gas exchange

32
Q

Homeostasis

A

maintaining stable environment dynamic state of flux imbalance results in disease

33
Q

Homeostasis Regulation

A

Neural and Hormonal control systems Receptor Control Center Effector

34
Q

Receptor

A

sensor that monitors and responds to changes in environment sends information to control center Brain

35
Q

Control Center Brain

A

Determines set point Level at which variable is maintained Analyzes information determines appropriate response

36
Q

Effector

A

responds to signals from brain afferent IN efferent OUT

37
Q

Feedback Mechanisms

A

Homeostatic mechanisms to keep body levels within a normal range can vary from one person to another positive and negative

38
Q

Negative Feedback mechanism

A

Most common effectors produce response opposite of stimulus bring value back to set point shut off or reduce stimulus

39
Q

Positive Feedback mechanism

A

promotes further push from set point used in blood clotting and child birth Keep clotting until bleeding stops

40
Q

Language of Anatomy

A

terms to prevent misunderstanding position direction regions structures

41
Q

Standard Anatomical position

A

Standing erect face forward arms at side palms fwd fingers down feet forward parallel and flat

42
Q

Superior

A

Up

43
Q

Inferior

A

Down

44
Q

Anterior Ventral

A

Front

45
Q

Posterior Dorsal

A

Back

46
Q

Medial

A

toward midline

47
Q

lateral

A

Out

48
Q

Proximal

A

up extremity

49
Q

Distal

A

Down extremity

50
Q

Superficial

A

toward top

51
Q

Deep

A

toward center

52
Q

Body Planes

A

Sagital Frontal Transverse

53
Q

Sagital

A

down middle split left and right

54
Q

Frontal

A

split front and back

55
Q

Transverse

A

split top and bottom

56
Q

Body Cavities

A

Dorsal Ventral

57
Q

Dorsal Cavity

A

Cranial houses brain spinal houses spinal cord

58
Q

Ventral Cavity

A

Throacic houses heart lungs and others 2 plural cavities surround lungs Mediastium pericardial

59
Q

Mediastium Cavity

A

separates plural cavity contains esophagus trachea aorta thymus heart

60
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

surrounds heart

61
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

abdominal cavity Most digestive organs Pelvic cavity enclosed by hip bones coxal bones

Biology 108 (38 decks)

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