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Biology 108 > Chapter 11 Cariovascular > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Cariovascular Flashcards

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1
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Closed system of the heart and blood vessels

Heart pumps blood

Bolld vessels allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body

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2
Q

Functions of the Cardiovascular system

A

transport O2, nutrients, hormones, etc

temperature regulation

protection: immunity and hemostasis

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3
Q

Heart

A

locatoin: thorax between the lungs in the inferior mediastium
orientation: pointed apex directed toward the left hip

base points toward right shoulder

about size of fist

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4
Q

Heart coverings

A

Pericardium: double walled sac

fibrous pericardium is loose and superficial

Serous membrane: deep to the fibrous pericardium and composed of 2 layers

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5
Q

Serous Membrane

A

Visceral pericardium: surface of the heart

Parietal pericardium: outside layer that lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium

Selrous fluid: fills space between the layers of pericardium

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6
Q

Heart wall

A

3 layers

epicardium

myocardium

endocardium

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7
Q

Epicardium

A

visceral pericardium

outside layer superficial

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8
Q

myocardium

A

middle layer

mostly cardiac muscle

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9
Q

endocardium

A

endothelium

inner layer: deep

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10
Q

Heart Chambers

A

4 chambers

right and left act as separate pumps

Atria: top

Ventricles: Bottom

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11
Q

Atria

A

Left and right

upper chambers

receiving chambers

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12
Q

Ventricles

A

right and left

lower chambers

pumps

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13
Q

Interventricular septum

A

muscle that separates the two ventricles

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14
Q

interatrial septum

A

muscle wall that separates the two Atria

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15
Q

Heart valves

A

allow blood to flow in only one direction: prevent backflow

Atrioventricular Valves (AV)

Semilunar valves

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16
Q

Atrioventricular Valves

A

Tricuspid valves between RA and RV

Bicuspid (mitral) valve: between LA and LV

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17
Q

Semilunar valves

A

Pulmonary semilunar valve: between RV and pulmonary trunk

aortic valve: between LV and aorta

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18
Q

Blood flow through body

A

Systemic Circuit

Pulmonary Circuit

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19
Q

Systemic Circuit

A

blood flows from the LV through body and back to the RA

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20
Q

PUlmonary Circuit

A

blood flows from the RV to the lungs and back to the LA

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21
Q

Associated Great vessels

A

Arteries:

aorta: Leaves LV

pulmonary trunk: leaves RV

Veins:

Superior and inferior venae cavae: enter RA

pulmonary veins (4): enter LA

22
Q

Coronary Circulation

A

blood in heart chambers does not nourish the myocardium

Coronary arteries

Coronary Veins

23
Q

Coronary Arteries

A

branch from aorta

supply heart muscle with O2 rich blood

24
Q

Coronary Veins

A

drain the myocardium of blood

coronary sinus: large vein on the posterior of the heart, receives blood from cardiac veins

blood empties into the RA

25
Q

Blood Vessels

A

Transport blood to tissues and back

Arteries

Veins

26
Q

Arteries

arterioles

A

Carry O2 rich blood away from the heart

27
Q

Capillary beds

A

exchange between tissues and blood

28
Q

Veins

Venules

A

return O2 poor blood to heart

29
Q

Blood vessel anatomy

A

3 layers

Tunic Intima

Tunic Media

Tunic Externa

30
Q

Tunic intima

A

endothelium

31
Q

Tunic media

A

smooth muscle

controlled by sympathetic nervous tissue

32
Q

Tunic Externa

A

mostly fibrous connective tissue

33
Q

Blood vessel differences

A

Artery walls are thickest

lumens of veins are larger

larger veins have valves to prevent backflow

34
Q

Capillaries

A

smallest vessels

simple squamous epithelium:

one layer thick

permits diffusion, osmosis and filtration

exchange vessels: site of O2, CO2, water, nutrient and waste exchange

aranged in beds: density reflects metabolic rate

35
Q

Aorta

A

largest artery in the body

leaves the LV of the heart

36
Q

Regions of Aorta

A

Ascending aorta leaves LV

aortic arch: arches to the left

Thoracic aorta: travels downward through thorax

Abdominal aorta: passes through the diaphragm into the abdominopelvic cavity

37
Q

arterial branches of ascending aorta

A

right and left coronary arteries serve the heart

38
Q

Branches of the aortic arch

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

left common carotid artery

left subclavin artery

39
Q

arteries of neck, head and brain

A

Common carotid

internal carotid arteries: to brain

external carotid arteries:

to face and scalp

Vertebral artery: to brain

40
Q

Arteries of shoulder and upper limb

A

subclavin artery

axillary artery

Bracial artery

radial and ulnar arteries

41
Q

Abdominal aorta

A

renal arteries to kidneys

42
Q

arteris of pelvis and lower limbs

A

common iliac arteris: inferior branch of abdonimal aorta

internal iliac: to pelvic cavity

external iliac: to lower limb

Femoral artery

43
Q

Major Veins

A

Superior and inferior Vena Cava

enter RA of heart

44
Q

Superior Vena Cava

A

drains the head and upper limbs

45
Q

inferior vena cava

A

drains the lower body

46
Q

Veins of brain head and neck

A

External jugular: face and scalp

Internal jugular (largest jugular): Brain, deep veins of face and neck

brachiocephalic veins to SVC

47
Q

Veins of shoulder and upper limbs

A

Radial and Ulnar veins

brachial vein

axillary vein

subclavin vein into the brachiocephalic vein

48
Q

Veins from Abdominal viscera

A

renal vein from kidneys

hepatic veins from liver

hepatic portal system

49
Q

hepatic portal system

A

blood from stomach, small intestines, and large intestines flows to liver via hepatic portal vein, not directly to the inferior vena cava

50
Q

veins from pelvis and lower limbs

A

femoral vein

external iliac vein

internal iliac vein

common iliac vein

inferior vena cava

Biology 108 (38 decks)

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