Chapter 11 Cariovascular Flashcards
Cardiovascular System
Closed system of the heart and blood vessels
Heart pumps blood
Bolld vessels allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body
Functions of the Cardiovascular system
transport O2, nutrients, hormones, etc
temperature regulation
protection: immunity and hemostasis
Heart
locatoin: thorax between the lungs in the inferior mediastium
orientation: pointed apex directed toward the left hip
base points toward right shoulder
about size of fist
Heart coverings
Pericardium: double walled sac
fibrous pericardium is loose and superficial
Serous membrane: deep to the fibrous pericardium and composed of 2 layers
Serous Membrane
Visceral pericardium: surface of the heart
Parietal pericardium: outside layer that lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium
Selrous fluid: fills space between the layers of pericardium
Heart wall
3 layers
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
Epicardium
visceral pericardium
outside layer superficial
myocardium
middle layer
mostly cardiac muscle
endocardium
endothelium
inner layer: deep
Heart Chambers
4 chambers
right and left act as separate pumps
Atria: top
Ventricles: Bottom
Atria
Left and right
upper chambers
receiving chambers
Ventricles
right and left
lower chambers
pumps
Interventricular septum
muscle that separates the two ventricles
interatrial septum
muscle wall that separates the two Atria
Heart valves
allow blood to flow in only one direction: prevent backflow
Atrioventricular Valves (AV)
Semilunar valves
Atrioventricular Valves
Tricuspid valves between RA and RV
Bicuspid (mitral) valve: between LA and LV
Semilunar valves
Pulmonary semilunar valve: between RV and pulmonary trunk
aortic valve: between LV and aorta
Blood flow through body
Systemic Circuit
Pulmonary Circuit
Systemic Circuit
blood flows from the LV through body and back to the RA
PUlmonary Circuit
blood flows from the RV to the lungs and back to the LA
Associated Great vessels
Arteries:
aorta: Leaves LV
pulmonary trunk: leaves RV
Veins:
Superior and inferior venae cavae: enter RA
pulmonary veins (4): enter LA
Coronary Circulation
blood in heart chambers does not nourish the myocardium
Coronary arteries
Coronary Veins
Coronary Arteries
branch from aorta
supply heart muscle with O2 rich blood
Coronary Veins
drain the myocardium of blood
coronary sinus: large vein on the posterior of the heart, receives blood from cardiac veins
blood empties into the RA
Blood Vessels
Transport blood to tissues and back
Arteries
Veins
Arteries
arterioles
Carry O2 rich blood away from the heart
Capillary beds
exchange between tissues and blood
Veins
Venules
return O2 poor blood to heart
Blood vessel anatomy
3 layers
Tunic Intima
Tunic Media
Tunic Externa
Tunic intima
endothelium
Tunic media
smooth muscle
controlled by sympathetic nervous tissue
Tunic Externa
mostly fibrous connective tissue
Blood vessel differences
Artery walls are thickest
lumens of veins are larger
larger veins have valves to prevent backflow
Capillaries
smallest vessels
simple squamous epithelium:
one layer thick
permits diffusion, osmosis and filtration
exchange vessels: site of O2, CO2, water, nutrient and waste exchange
aranged in beds: density reflects metabolic rate
Aorta
largest artery in the body
leaves the LV of the heart
Regions of Aorta
Ascending aorta leaves LV
aortic arch: arches to the left
Thoracic aorta: travels downward through thorax
Abdominal aorta: passes through the diaphragm into the abdominopelvic cavity
arterial branches of ascending aorta
right and left coronary arteries serve the heart
Branches of the aortic arch
Brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid artery
left subclavin artery
arteries of neck, head and brain
Common carotid
internal carotid arteries: to brain
external carotid arteries:
to face and scalp
Vertebral artery: to brain
Arteries of shoulder and upper limb
subclavin artery
axillary artery
Bracial artery
radial and ulnar arteries
Abdominal aorta
renal arteries to kidneys
arteris of pelvis and lower limbs
common iliac arteris: inferior branch of abdonimal aorta
internal iliac: to pelvic cavity
external iliac: to lower limb
Femoral artery
Major Veins
Superior and inferior Vena Cava
enter RA of heart
Superior Vena Cava
drains the head and upper limbs
inferior vena cava
drains the lower body
Veins of brain head and neck
External jugular: face and scalp
Internal jugular (largest jugular): Brain, deep veins of face and neck
brachiocephalic veins to SVC
Veins of shoulder and upper limbs
Radial and Ulnar veins
brachial vein
axillary vein
subclavin vein into the brachiocephalic vein
Veins from Abdominal viscera
renal vein from kidneys
hepatic veins from liver
hepatic portal system
hepatic portal system
blood from stomach, small intestines, and large intestines flows to liver via hepatic portal vein, not directly to the inferior vena cava
veins from pelvis and lower limbs
femoral vein
external iliac vein
internal iliac vein
common iliac vein
inferior vena cava
