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Biology 108 > Chapter 13 reverse > Flashcards

Chapter 13 reverse Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

reverse

Nose

Pharynx

Larynx

Traechea

Bronchi

Lungs-alveoli

A

Organs of the respiratory system

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2
Q

reverse

Gas exchangees between blood and external environment occurs in the alveoli of the lungs

passage ways to the lungs purify, humidify and warm the incoming air

help control the bodys pH

A

Functions of Respiratory system

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3
Q

reverse

only external visible part of the system

air enters through external nostrils (nares)

interior nasal cavity divided by nasal septum (vomer, ethmoid and cartilage)

A

Nose

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4
Q

reverse

olfactory receptors are located on the superior surface

lined with respiratory mucosa to moisten air and trap foreign particles

lateral walls have projections called conchae to increase surface area and air turbulence in nasal cavity

separated from oral cavity by the palate

anterior hard palate-bone, posterior soft palate-muscle

A

Anatomy of nasal cavity

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5
Q

reverse

air filled cavities with bones surrounding the nasal cavity

located in skull

A

Paranasal SInuses

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6
Q

reverse

lighten the skull

resonance chambers for speech

produce mucus that drains into the nasal cavity

A

sinuses function

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7
Q

reverse

muscular passage from nasal cavity to larynx

three regions

Nasopharynx

Oropharynx

Laryngopharynx

A

Pharynx (throat)

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8
Q

reverse

superior region behind the nasal cavity

A

Nasopharynx

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9
Q

reverse

middle region behind the oral cavity

A

Oropharynx

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10
Q

reverse

inferior region attached to the larynx

A

Laryngopharynx

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11
Q

reverse

common passagways for food and air

A

Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx

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12
Q

reverse

formed by 8 rigid hyaline cartilages and a flap of elastic cartilage (epiglottis)

Plays role in speech “voice box”

A

Larynx

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13
Q

reverse

protects the superior opening of larynx

routes food to the esophogus and air toward the treachea

when swallowing it rises and forms a lid over the opening of the larynx

A

Epiglottis

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14
Q

reverse

true vocal cords:

vocal folds, lower folds, vibrate with expelled air to create sound (vocalization)

false vocal cords:

vestibular folds, upper cords

A

Voice box

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15
Q

reverse

4” tube that connects larynx with bronchi

walls are reinforced with C-shaped hyaline cartilage

lined with psuedo stratified cilinated columnar epithelium

cilia beat continuously toward pharynx, remove dust and other debris from lungs

A

Treachea (windpipe)

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16
Q

reverse

Primary Bronchi

Secondary Bronchi

Tertiary bronchi

Bronchioles

Terminal bronchioles

Respiratory bronchioles

Alveolar ducts

Alveolar sacs

Alveoi

A

Bronchial tree

17
Q

reverse

microscopic air sacs

simple squamous epithelium

permits rapid gas exchange

A

Alveoi

18
Q

reverse

soft spongy cone shaped organs

Apex near clavicle (superior portion)

base rests on diaphragm (inferior portion)

divided into lobes by fissures

Left Lung 2 lobes

Right lung 3 lobes

A

Lungs

19
Q

reverse

pulmonary capillaries cover external surfaces of alveoli

O2 and CO2 must cross when moving between alveoli and blood in pulmonary capillaries

three layers:

simple squamous epithelium (alveolar wall)

fused basement membrane

capillary epithelium

Air on one side, blood on the other

A

Respiratory Membrane

20
Q

reverse

gas diffuses across the respiratory membrane

oxygen enters blood

CO2 enters the alveoli

A

Gas exchange

21
Q

reverse

Pulmonary ventilation

external respiration

respiratory gas transport

internal respiration

A

Events of Respiration

22
Q

reverse

moving air in and out of the lungs

breathing

A

Pulmonary ventilation

23
Q

reverse

gas exchange between pulmonary blood and alveoli

oxygen is loaded in blood

CO2 is unloaded from blood into alveoli

A

External respiration

24
Q

reverse

transport of O2 and CO2 via the bloodstream

A

Respiratory Gas transport

25
Q

reverse

gas exchange between the blood in systemic capillaries and tissue cells

A

Internal Respiration

26
Q

reverse

completely a mechanical process that depends on volume changes in the thoracic cavity

volume changes lead to pressure changes

2 phases:

inspiration (inhalation)

expiration (exhalation)

A

Breathing

27
Q

reverse

air flows because of a pressure gradient

air flow stops when pressure equalizes

Air flows into or out of lungs due to air pressure gradients

A

Volume changes in breathing

28
Q

reverse

Insparatory muscles contract

lung volume increases

pressure lower in lungs than atmosphere

air flows into lungs

A

Inspiration (inhalation)

29
Q

reverse

Insparatory muscles relax

lung volume decreases

pressure higher in lungs than atmosphere

air flows out of lungs

A

Expiration (exhalation)

30
Q

reverse

O2:

diffuses from alveoli into blood of pulmonary capillaries

CO2:

diffuses from blood into pulmonary capillaries in alveoli

blood leaves lungs rich in O2 low in CO2

A

External respiration

Alveolar Gas exchange

31
Q

reverse

Oxygen transported in blood

almost all O2 is transported in blood by hemoglobin (HbO2)

small amount transported in plasma

CO2 transport in blood:

most is transported in plasma as bicarbonite ion (HCO3) 70%

Carbaminlhemoglobin

10% dissolved in plasma

A

Gas Transport in Blood

32
Q

reverse

exchange of gases between blood and body cells

CO2 diffuses out of tissue into body

Hemoglobin releases O2

O2 diffuses from blood into tissue

A

Internal Respiration

33
Q

reverse

neural centers that control rate and depth are located in the medulla and pons

Medulla: sets basic rythm of breathing

Pons: controls respiratory rate

A

Control of Neural Regulation of Respiration

34
Q

reverse

CO2 levels in arterial blood:

increased levels of CO2 in crease rate and depth of breathing

O2 levels very very low levels in blood will stimulate breathing

A

Respiratory rate and depth influencing factors

Biology 108 (38 decks)

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