Chapter 11 reverse Flashcards
reverse
Closed system of the heart and blood vessels
Heart pumps blood
Bolld vessels allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body
Cardiovascular System
reverse
transport O2, nutrients, hormones, etc
temperature regulation
protection: immunity and hemostasis
Functions of the Cardiovascular system
reverse
locatoin: thorax between the lungs in the inferior mediastium
orientation: pointed apex directed toward the left hip
base points toward right shoulder
about size of fist
Heart
reverse
Pericardium: double walled sac
fibrous pericardium is loose and superficial
Serous membrane: deep to the fibrous pericardium and composed of 2 layers
Heart coverings
reverse
Visceral pericardium: surface of the heart
Parietal pericardium: outside layer that lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium
Selrous fluid: fills space between the layers of pericardium
Serous Membrane
reverse
3 layers
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
Heart wall
reverse
visceral pericardium
outside layer superficial
Epicardium
reverse
middle layer
mostly cardiac muscle
myocardium
reverse
endothelium
inner layer: deep
endocardium
reverse
4 chambers
right and left act as separate pumps
Atria: top
Ventricles: Bottom
Heart Chambers
reverse
Left and right
upper chambers
receiving chambers
Atria
reverse
right and left
lower chambers
pumps
Ventricles
reverse
muscle that separates the two ventricles
Interventricular septum
reverse
muscle wall that separates the two Atria
interatrial septum
reverse
allow blood to flow in only one direction: prevent backflow
Atrioventricular Valves (AV)
Semilunar valves
Heart valves
reverse
Tricuspid valves between RA and RV
Bicuspid (mitral) valve: between LA and LV
Atrioventricular Valves
reverse
Pulmonary semilunar valve: between RV and pulmonary trunk
aortic valve: between LV and aorta
Semilunar valves
reverse
Systemic Circuit
Pulmonary Circuit
Blood flow through body
reverse
blood flows from the LV through body and back to the RA
Systemic Circuit
reverse
blood flows from the RV to the lungs and back to the LA
PUlmonary Circuit
reverse
Arteries:
aorta: Leaves LV
pulmonary trunk: leaves RV
Veins:
Superior and inferior venae cavae: enter RA
pulmonary veins (4): enter LA
Associated Great vessels
reverse
blood in heart chambers does not nourish the myocardium
Coronary arteries
Coronary Veins
Coronary Circulation
reverse
branch from aorta
supply heart muscle with O2 rich blood
Coronary Arteries
reverse
drain the myocardium of blood
coronary sinus: large vein on the posterior of the heart, receives blood from cardiac veins
blood empties into the RA
Coronary Veins
reverse
Transport blood to tissues and back
Arteries
Veins
Blood Vessels
reverse
Carry O2 rich blood away from the heart
Arteries
arterioles
reverse
exchange between tissues and blood
Capillary beds
reverse
return O2 poor blood to heart
Veins
Venules
reverse
3 layers
Tunic Intima
Tunic Media
Tunic Externa
Blood vessel anatomy
reverse
endothelium
Tunic intima
reverse
smooth muscle
controlled by sympathetic nervous tissue
Tunic media
reverse
mostly fibrous connective tissue
Tunic Externa
reverse
Artery walls are thickest
lumens of veins are larger
larger veins have valves to prevent backflow
Blood vessel differences
reverse
smallest vessels
simple squamous epithelium:
one layer thick
permits diffusion, osmosis and filtration
exchange vessels: site of O2, CO2, water, nutrient and waste exchange
aranged in beds: density reflects metabolic rate
Capillaries
reverse
largest artery in the body
leaves the LV of the heart
Aorta
reverse
Ascending aorta leaves LV
aortic arch: arches to the left
Thoracic aorta: travels downward through thorax
Abdominal aorta: passes through the diaphragm into the abdominopelvic cavity
Regions of Aorta
reverse
right and left coronary arteries serve the heart
arterial branches of ascending aorta
reverse
Brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid artery
left subclavin artery
Branches of the aortic arch
reverse
Common carotid
internal carotid arteries: to brain
external carotid arteries:
to face and scalp
Vertebral artery: to brain
arteries of neck, head and brain
reverse
subclavin artery
axillary artery
Bracial artery
radial and ulnar arteries
Arteries of shoulder and upper limb
reverse
renal arteries to kidneys
Abdominal aorta
reverse
common iliac arteris: inferior branch of abdonimal aorta
internal iliac: to pelvic cavity
external iliac: to lower limb
Femoral artery
arteris of pelvis and lower limbs
reverse
Superior and inferior Vena Cava
enter RA of heart
Major Veins
reverse
drains the head and upper limbs
Superior Vena Cava
reverse
drains the lower body
inferior vena cava
reverse
External jugular: face and scalp
Internal jugular (largest jugular): Brain, deep veins of face and neck
brachiocephalic veins to SVC
Veins of brain head and neck
reverse
Radial and Ulnar veins
brachial vein
axillary vein
subclavin vein into the brachiocephalic vein
Veins of shoulder and upper limbs
reverse
renal vein from kidneys
hepatic veins from liver
hepatic portal system
Veins from Abdominal viscera
reverse
blood from stomach, small intestines, and large intestines flows to liver via hepatic portal vein, not directly to the inferior vena cava
hepatic portal system
reverse
femoral vein
external iliac vein
internal iliac vein
common iliac vein
inferior vena cava
veins from pelvis and lower limbs
