Chapter 14 reverse Flashcards
reverse
Salivory glands
liver
gall bladder
pancreas
Accessory organs of the digestive system
reverse
The Tube (24’ long)
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
rectum
anus
Alimentary Canal
reverse
lips
cheeks
hard palate
Soft palate
Uvula
Vestibule
oral cavity
tongue
tonsils
Mouth
reverse
protect the anterior opening of the mouth
lips
reverse
form the lateral wall of mouth
cheeks
reverse
forms anterior roof of mouth
maxilla and palantine bones
hard palate
reverse
muscle arch
forms posterior roof of mouth
soft palate
reverse
fleshy projection from soft palate
prevents food from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing
uvula
reverse
space between lips and teeth and gums
vestibule
reverse
area contained by the teeth
oral cavity
reverse
attached at the hyoid bone and styloid processes of the skull
lingual frenulum anchors the tonge to floor of mouth
tongue
reverse
Palatine tonsils: on either side of tongue
Lingual Tonsils: posterior of tongue
tonsils
reverse
mastication (chewing)
mixing food with saliva forms bolus
initiation of swallowing by the tongue
allows for the sense of taste
Mouth Physiology
reverse
Nasopharynx: NOT part of digestive system
Oropharynx: posterior to oral cavity
Laryngopharynx: Below the oropharynx and connected to the esophagus
Pharynx Anatomy
reverse
collapsible muscle tube that propels food into stomach
about 10” long
runs from pharynx to stomach
conducts food by peristalsis (slow rhythmic squeezing)
Esophagus
reverse
located on left side of abdomen cavity
food enters cardioesophageal sphincter
food empties in the small intestine at the pyloric sphincter (valve)
Stomach anatomy
reverse
mucosa
mucous neck cells
gastric glands
chief cells
parietal cells
Stomach Mucosa
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inntermost layer is simple columnar epithelium
Mucosa
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produce sticky alkaline mucus
mucous neck glands
reverse
situated in gastric pits
secrete gastric juices
gastric glands
reverse
produce protein digesting enzyme pepsinogen
Cheif cells
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produce hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor
parietal cells
reverse
temporary storage tank for food
site of food breakdown
chemical breakdown of protein begins
delivers chyme (foodmixed with gastric juice) to small intestine
Stomach physiology
reverse
muscular tube extending from the pyloric sphincter to ileocecal valve
3 portions: duodenum, jeunum, ileum
mesentery
Small intestine
reverse
suspends the small intesting from the posterior abdominal wall
mesentery
reverse
completes digestion and absorption of nutrients
Function of small intestine
reverse
attached to stomach
curves around the head of the pancreas
Duodenum
reverse
body of small intestine
jejunum
reverse
extends from jejunum to large intestine
ileum
reverse
circular folds
villi
microvilli
structural modifications to small intestine
reverse
deep folds of mucosa and submucosa
circular folds
reverse
fingerlike structures formed by the mucosa
simple columnar epithelium with microvilli
capillary bed and lacteal: carry away absorbed nutrients
villi
reverse
tiny projections of plasma
membrane
microvilli
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enzymes are produced by intestinal cells and the pancreas
Chemical digestion in small intestine
reverse
secretes pancreatic juices into the pancreatic duct
juices enter duodenum
alkaline fluid introduced withj enzymes neutralizes acidic chyme coming from stomach
pancreas
reverse
larger in diameter but shorter than small intestine
cecum
appendix
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum and anal canal
anus
large intestine
reverse
lymphatic tissue
extends from the cecum
appendix
reverse
sac like first part of large intestine
cecum
reverse
travels up RS of abdomen
ascending colon
reverse
travels across abdonimal cavity
transverse colon
reverse
travels down the left side of the abdomin
descending colon
reverse
enters the pelvis
sigmoid colon
reverse
canals located in pelvis
rectum and anal canal
reverse
external anal sphincter: skeletal muscle voluntary control
internal anal sphincter: smooth muscle, involuntary control
normally closed except during defacation
anus
reverse
No digestive function NO enzymes
absorbs H2O, electrolytes and some vitamins
Large intestine function
reverse
bacteria that normally inhabit large intestine
synthesize vitamin K, B12, thiamine and riboflavin
produce intestinal gas
intestinal flora
reverse
include material that were not digested or absorbed, water (75%), electrolytes, mucus and bacteria
color due to bile pigments altered by intestinal bacteria
feces
reverse
frequency varies from person to person
defacation
reverse
teeth
salivary glands
pancreas
liver
gallbladder
Accessory digestive organs
reverse
mastication
2 sets:
decisuous
permanent
teeth
reverse
20 teeth fully formed by age 2
deciduous teeth
reverse
replace deciduous between ages 6-12
full set 32
permanent teeth
reverse
crown
enamel
dentin
pulp cavity
root canal
neck
root
regions of a tooth
reverse
exposed part of tooth
tooth crown
reverse
hardest substance in body
suface of teeth
enamel
reverse
found deep to the enamel and forms the bulk of the tooth
dentin
reverse
contains connective tissue, blood vessels and nerve fibers of tooth
pulp cavity
reverse
where pulp cavity extends to the root of tooth
root canal
reverse
region in contact with the gum
connects the crown to root
neck
reverse
cementum
covers outer surface and attaches the tooth to the periodontal membrane
root
reverse
to masticate (chew) food
Tooth functions
reverse
three pairs of glands epmty secretions into mouth
Salivary glands
reverse
mixture of mucus and serous fluid
contains salivary amylase to begin starch digestion
Saliva
reverse
moisten food to help form bolus
dissolves chemicals so they can be tasted
cleanses mouth
Saliva functions
reverse
located posterior and inferior to the stomach
produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonite ions:
secreted into the duodenum
pancreas
reverse
largest gland in the body
located on right side of body inferior to the diaphragm
liver
reverse
carbohydrate metabolism
lipid metablolism
protein metabolism
storage
bile
liver functions
reverse
glycogen storage
carbohydrate metabolism
reverse
cholesterol synthesis
lipid metabolism
reverse
synthesizes plasma proteins
removes amine group from amino acids
protein metabolism
reverse
glycogen, iron, vitamins A, D and B12
blood filtering: removes damaged RBC and foreign substances
detoxification: removes toxins from blood
bile secretion
liver storage
reverse
produced by liver cells (hepatocytes)
emulsifies fats by physically breaking large fat globules into smaller ones
aids in the absorption of fatty acids, cholesterol and fat soluable vitamins
bile
reverse
pear shaped sac
located on inferior surface of liver
stores and concentrates bile between meals
biles enters duodenum during meals
gallbladder
reverse
Ingestion
movements
digestion
absorption
defacation
Digestive functions
reverse
taking food in
ingestion
reverse
propulsion
mass movements
defacation
digestive movements
reverse
2 phases
Mechanical
chemical
Digestion
reverse
mixing food in mouth with tongue
churning food in stomach
segmentation of small intestine
further prepares food for further degradation by enzymes
mechanical digestion
reverse
enzymes break down food molecules into their building blocks
carbs are broken to simple sugars
proteins are broken to amino acids
fats are broken to fatty acids and alcohols
Chemical digestion
reverse
end products of digestion are absorbed in the blood or lymph
food must enter mucosal cells then diffuse into blood or lymph capillaries
absorption
reverse
elimination of indigestible or undigested substances fro the GI tract
defacation
