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Biology 108 > Chapter 14 reverse > Flashcards

Chapter 14 reverse Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

reverse

Salivory glands

liver

gall bladder

pancreas

A

Accessory organs of the digestive system

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2
Q

reverse

The Tube (24’ long)

mouth

pharynx

esophagus

stomach

small intestine

large intestine

rectum

anus

A

Alimentary Canal

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3
Q

reverse

lips

cheeks

hard palate

Soft palate

Uvula

Vestibule

oral cavity

tongue

tonsils

A

Mouth

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4
Q

reverse

protect the anterior opening of the mouth

A

lips

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5
Q

reverse

form the lateral wall of mouth

A

cheeks

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6
Q

reverse

forms anterior roof of mouth

maxilla and palantine bones

A

hard palate

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7
Q

reverse

muscle arch

forms posterior roof of mouth

A

soft palate

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8
Q

reverse

fleshy projection from soft palate

prevents food from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing

A

uvula

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9
Q

reverse

space between lips and teeth and gums

A

vestibule

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10
Q

reverse

area contained by the teeth

A

oral cavity

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11
Q

reverse

attached at the hyoid bone and styloid processes of the skull

lingual frenulum anchors the tonge to floor of mouth

A

tongue

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12
Q

reverse

Palatine tonsils: on either side of tongue

Lingual Tonsils: posterior of tongue

A

tonsils

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13
Q

reverse

mastication (chewing)

mixing food with saliva forms bolus

initiation of swallowing by the tongue

allows for the sense of taste

A

Mouth Physiology

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14
Q

reverse

Nasopharynx: NOT part of digestive system

Oropharynx: posterior to oral cavity

Laryngopharynx: Below the oropharynx and connected to the esophagus

A

Pharynx Anatomy

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15
Q

reverse

collapsible muscle tube that propels food into stomach

about 10” long

runs from pharynx to stomach

conducts food by peristalsis (slow rhythmic squeezing)

A

Esophagus

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16
Q

reverse

located on left side of abdomen cavity

food enters cardioesophageal sphincter

food empties in the small intestine at the pyloric sphincter (valve)

A

Stomach anatomy

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17
Q

reverse

mucosa

mucous neck cells

gastric glands

chief cells

parietal cells

A

Stomach Mucosa

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18
Q

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inntermost layer is simple columnar epithelium

A

Mucosa

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19
Q

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produce sticky alkaline mucus

A

mucous neck glands

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20
Q

reverse

situated in gastric pits

secrete gastric juices

A

gastric glands

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21
Q

reverse

produce protein digesting enzyme pepsinogen

A

Cheif cells

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22
Q

reverse

produce hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

A

parietal cells

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23
Q

reverse

temporary storage tank for food

site of food breakdown

chemical breakdown of protein begins

delivers chyme (foodmixed with gastric juice) to small intestine

A

Stomach physiology

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24
Q

reverse

muscular tube extending from the pyloric sphincter to ileocecal valve

3 portions: duodenum, jeunum, ileum

mesentery

A

Small intestine

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25
Q

reverse

suspends the small intesting from the posterior abdominal wall

A

mesentery

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26
Q

reverse

completes digestion and absorption of nutrients

A

Function of small intestine

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27
Q

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attached to stomach

curves around the head of the pancreas

A

Duodenum

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28
Q

reverse

body of small intestine

A

jejunum

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29
Q

reverse

extends from jejunum to large intestine

A

ileum

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30
Q

reverse

circular folds

villi

microvilli

A

structural modifications to small intestine

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31
Q

reverse

deep folds of mucosa and submucosa

A

circular folds

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32
Q

reverse

fingerlike structures formed by the mucosa

simple columnar epithelium with microvilli

capillary bed and lacteal: carry away absorbed nutrients

A

villi

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33
Q

reverse

tiny projections of plasma
membrane

A

microvilli

34
Q

reverse

enzymes are produced by intestinal cells and the pancreas

A

Chemical digestion in small intestine

35
Q

reverse

secretes pancreatic juices into the pancreatic duct

juices enter duodenum

alkaline fluid introduced withj enzymes neutralizes acidic chyme coming from stomach

A

pancreas

36
Q

reverse

larger in diameter but shorter than small intestine

cecum

appendix

ascending colon

transverse colon

descending colon

sigmoid colon

rectum and anal canal

anus

A

large intestine

37
Q

reverse

lymphatic tissue

extends from the cecum

A

appendix

38
Q

reverse

sac like first part of large intestine

A

cecum

39
Q

reverse

travels up RS of abdomen

A

ascending colon

40
Q

reverse

travels across abdonimal cavity

A

transverse colon

41
Q

reverse

travels down the left side of the abdomin

A

descending colon

42
Q

reverse

enters the pelvis

A

sigmoid colon

43
Q

reverse

canals located in pelvis

A

rectum and anal canal

44
Q

reverse

external anal sphincter: skeletal muscle voluntary control

internal anal sphincter: smooth muscle, involuntary control

normally closed except during defacation

A

anus

45
Q

reverse

No digestive function NO enzymes

absorbs H2O, electrolytes and some vitamins

A

Large intestine function

46
Q

reverse

bacteria that normally inhabit large intestine

synthesize vitamin K, B12, thiamine and riboflavin

produce intestinal gas

A

intestinal flora

47
Q

reverse

include material that were not digested or absorbed, water (75%), electrolytes, mucus and bacteria

color due to bile pigments altered by intestinal bacteria

A

feces

48
Q

reverse

frequency varies from person to person

A

defacation

49
Q

reverse

teeth

salivary glands

pancreas

liver

gallbladder

A

Accessory digestive organs

50
Q

reverse

mastication

2 sets:

decisuous

permanent

A

teeth

51
Q

reverse

20 teeth fully formed by age 2

A

deciduous teeth

52
Q

reverse

replace deciduous between ages 6-12

full set 32

A

permanent teeth

53
Q

reverse

crown

enamel

dentin

pulp cavity

root canal

neck

root

A

regions of a tooth

54
Q

reverse

exposed part of tooth

A

tooth crown

55
Q

reverse

hardest substance in body

suface of teeth

A

enamel

56
Q

reverse

found deep to the enamel and forms the bulk of the tooth

A

dentin

57
Q

reverse

contains connective tissue, blood vessels and nerve fibers of tooth

A

pulp cavity

58
Q

reverse

where pulp cavity extends to the root of tooth

A

root canal

59
Q

reverse

region in contact with the gum

connects the crown to root

A

neck

60
Q

reverse

cementum

covers outer surface and attaches the tooth to the periodontal membrane

A

root

61
Q

reverse

to masticate (chew) food

A

Tooth functions

62
Q

reverse

three pairs of glands epmty secretions into mouth

A

Salivary glands

63
Q

reverse

mixture of mucus and serous fluid

contains salivary amylase to begin starch digestion

A

Saliva

64
Q

reverse

moisten food to help form bolus

dissolves chemicals so they can be tasted

cleanses mouth

A

Saliva functions

65
Q

reverse

located posterior and inferior to the stomach

produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonite ions:

secreted into the duodenum

A

pancreas

66
Q

reverse

largest gland in the body

located on right side of body inferior to the diaphragm

A

liver

67
Q

reverse

carbohydrate metabolism

lipid metablolism

protein metabolism

storage

bile

A

liver functions

68
Q

reverse

glycogen storage

A

carbohydrate metabolism

69
Q

reverse

cholesterol synthesis

A

lipid metabolism

70
Q

reverse

synthesizes plasma proteins

removes amine group from amino acids

A

protein metabolism

71
Q

reverse

glycogen, iron, vitamins A, D and B12

blood filtering: removes damaged RBC and foreign substances

detoxification: removes toxins from blood

bile secretion

A

liver storage

72
Q

reverse

produced by liver cells (hepatocytes)

emulsifies fats by physically breaking large fat globules into smaller ones

aids in the absorption of fatty acids, cholesterol and fat soluable vitamins

A

bile

73
Q

reverse

pear shaped sac

located on inferior surface of liver

stores and concentrates bile between meals

biles enters duodenum during meals

A

gallbladder

74
Q

reverse

Ingestion

movements

digestion

absorption

defacation

A

Digestive functions

75
Q

reverse

taking food in

A

ingestion

76
Q

reverse

propulsion

mass movements

defacation

A

digestive movements

77
Q

reverse

2 phases

Mechanical

chemical

A

Digestion

78
Q

reverse

mixing food in mouth with tongue

churning food in stomach

segmentation of small intestine

further prepares food for further degradation by enzymes

A

mechanical digestion

79
Q

reverse

enzymes break down food molecules into their building blocks

carbs are broken to simple sugars

proteins are broken to amino acids

fats are broken to fatty acids and alcohols

A

Chemical digestion

80
Q

reverse

end products of digestion are absorbed in the blood or lymph

food must enter mucosal cells then diffuse into blood or lymph capillaries

A

absorption

81
Q

reverse

elimination of indigestible or undigested substances fro the GI tract

A

defacation

Biology 108 (38 decks)

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