Chapter 15 Urinary

Question 1

Urinary system functions

Answer 1

Elimination of waste products

Regulates aspects of homeostasis

Question 2

Waste products

Answer 2

nitrogenous wastes

toxins

drugs

Question 3

aspects of homeostasis

Answer 3

Water balance

electrolytes

acid-base balance in the blood

blood pressure

red blood cell productoin-Erythropoietin

Activation of vitamin D

Question 4

Organs of urninary system

Answer 4

Kidneys (2)

Ureters (2)

Urinary bladder

urethra

Question 5

Kidney location

Answer 5

lateral to the vertebral column

against the dorsal wall (retroperitoneal)

at the level of T12 to L3 vertebrae

Right kidney is slightly lower than left due to liver position

Question 6

Kidney structure

Question 7

Regions of kidney

Answer 7

Renal cortex

renal medulla

renal pelvis

renal or medullary pyramids

renal columns

calyces

Question 8

renal cortex

Question 9

Renal medulla

Answer 9

inner region of kidney

Question 10

Renal pelvis

Answer 10

funnel shaped collecting tubes

Question 11

renal or medullary pyramids

Answer 11

triangular regions of tissue in the renal medulla

contain nephron loops and collecting ducts

Question 12

renal columns

Answer 12

extensions of cortex-like material inward that separates the mudullary pyramids

Question 13

calyces

Answer 13

cup shaped structures that receive urine from the collecting ducts

funnel urine towards the renal pelvis

Question 14

Kidney blood supply

Answer 14

one quarter of total blood of the body passes through the kidneys each minute

renal artery provides each kidney with arterial blood supply

plasma: filtered at glomerous

most filtrate is reabsorbed by pertitubular capillaries

venous blood drains into the inferior vena cava

Question 15

Nephron

Answer 15

Structural and functional units of kidneys

1 million per kidney

responsible for forming urine

Question 16

nephron main structures

Question 17

Glomerulus

Answer 17

capillary bed

site of plasma filtratoin

filtrate enters glomerular capsule

Question 18

renal tubule

Answer 18

extends from glamerular capsule and ends at the collecting duct

filtrate is processed as it flows through nephron

Question 19

Collecting duct

Answer 19

receives fluid from many nephrons

concentrates urine by reabsorbing water

directs urine into the calyces and renal pelvis

Question 20

peritubular capillaries

Question 21

Urine formation

Answer 21

filtration

reabsorption

secretion

Question 22

urine filtration

Answer 22

from glomerulus to glomerular capsule

Question 23

urine reabsorption

Answer 23

nutrients, most electrolytes and most water

reabsorbed substances enter peritubular capillaries

Question 24

urine secretion

Question 25

urine characteristics

Answer 25

about 1-1.8 L per day

min .4 L per day (obligitory water loss)

urine and filtrate are different:

Question 26

urine filtrate

Question 27

urine

Answer 27

what remains after most of the water, nutrients and necessary ions have been reabsorbed from the filtrate

Question 28

Urnine characteristics

Question 29

Ureters

Answer 29

slender tubes about 10”

begin at renal pelvis and end at the posterior aspect of the bladder

lined with mucous membrane to protect against acidic urine

has a muscular layer: peristalsis propels the urine into the bladder

Question 30

Urinary bladder

Question 31

Urethra

Question 32

urethra sphincters

Answer 32

internal: involuntary made of smooth muscle
external: skeletal muscle voluntary

Question 33

Micturition (urination)

Answer 33

process of voiding the bladder