Chapter 16 reproductive reverse Flashcards
reverse
sperm production
secrete testosterone
Male Reproductive system functions
reverse
testes
Male reproductive primary organs
reverse
epididymis
vas deferens
ejaculatory duct
urethra
Male reproductive duct system
reverse
seminal vesichles
prostate
bulbourethral gland
Male reproductive accessory organs
reverse
scrotum
penis
Male external genitalia
reverse
capsule that surrounds each testis
Tunica albuginea
reverse
testes lobule containing tightly coiled seminiferous tubules
site of sperm production
reverse
support and nourish sperm
regulate sperm production
sertoli cells
reverse
produce sperm
Spermatogonia
reverse
between seminiferous tubules
produce androgens such as testosterone
interstitial cells
reverse
6 meters of coiled tube: found in the superior part of the testis and slong the posterior lateral side
site of sperm maturation and storage
concentration of muscles in the wall of the epididymis expels sperm with the vas deferens
Epididymis
reverse
carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
Vas Deferens
Ductus Deferens
reverse
smooth muscle in the walls of the vas deferens create peristaltic waves to squeeze the sperm forward
ejaculation
reverse
cutting the vas deferens at the level of the testes to prevent the transportation of sperm
vasectomy
reverse
short duct that connects the vas deferens to the urethra
within the prostate gland
Ejaculatory duct
reverse
extends from the base of the urinary bladder to the tip of the penis
carries urine and sperm
sperm enters from the ejaculatory duct
urethra
reverse
located posterior to the urinary bladder
secretes alkaline fluid into ejaculatory ducts:
fructose-energy for sperm
60% of final semen volume
seminal vesicles
reverse
inferior to urinary bladder
secretes alkaline fluid:
helps activate sperm
enters the urethra through several small ducts
prostate gland
reverse
pea sized glands inferior to the prostate
produce a thick clear mucus
cleanses the urethra of acidic urine
serves as lubricant during sex
secreted into the penile urethra
bulbourethral glands
reverse
mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions:
alkaline pH: 7.2-7.6 (neutralizes vaginal secretions)
volume 2-5ml
average sperm count: 120 million per ml
semen
reverse
non mobile with the male reproductive system
begin to swim in an alkaline environment
sperm
reverse
changes that allow sperm to fertilize egg
occurs within the female reproductive tract
capacitation
reverse
divided pouch of skin posterior to the penis
maintains the testes about 3 deg C lower than body temp to protect sperm
scrotum
reverse
delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract
penis
reverse
shaft
glans penis (enlarged tip)
prepuce (foreskin): folded cuff or skin around proximal end
often removed by circumcision
internally 3 areas of spongy erectile tissue
erections occur when erectile tissue fills with blood during sexual excitement
regions of the penis
reverse
production of sperm cells
entire process takes 64-72 days
spermatogenesis
reverse
meiotic cell division
begins at puberty and continues throughout life
occurs in the seminiferous tubules
production of sperm cells
reverse
spermatogonium
primary spermatocyte 46 chromosomes
2 secondary spermatocytes 23 chromosomes
4 spermatids 23 chromosomes
4 sperm cells 23 chromosomes
spermatogenesis cycle
reverse
4 sperm cells containing 23 chromosomes
sperms cells are not genetically identical
spermatogenesis final product
reverse
Head contaiing nuclueus of 23 chromosomes and acrosomal cap
midpiece: fliaments and mitochondria
Tail: flagellum
Structure of mature sperm
reverse
contains enzymes that help penetrate egg during fertilization
acrosomal cap
reverse
production of ova
secretion of estrogen and progesterone
provide an environment for developing offspring
parturition
Female reproductive functions
reverse
ovaries
Female primary reproductive organs
reverse
uterine tubes
uterus
vagina
female reproductive duct system
reverse
vulva
female external genitalia
reverse
ovoid structures found with pelvic cavitiy
composed of ovarian follicles
ovaries
reverse
each consists of Oocyte (immature egg)
follicular cells-surround the Oocyte
ovarian follicles
reverse
receive the ovulated oocyte
site of fertilization upper 1/3 of tube
lined with simple ciliated columnar epithelium
helps move oocyte toward uterus
uternine tubes
“fallopian”
reverse
holloow muscular organ
located between the urinary bladder and rectum
endometrium inner most layer
cervix projects into the vagina
protects fetus during pregnancy
uterus
reverse
fibromuscular tube
extends from cervix to exterior of body
serves as birth canal
receives penis during intercourse
hymen
vagina
reverse
membrane that partially covers the vaginal orifice
hymen
reverse
mons pubis
labia majora
labia minora
Vulva
reverse
fatty area overlying the pubic symphysis
covered with pubi hair after puberty
mons pubis
reverse
encloses and protects the other external reprosuctive organs
labia majora
reverse
longitudinal folds between labia majora
converge anteriorly to form hood of clitoris
labia minora
reverse
enclosed by labia majora
contains external openings of the urethra and vagina
Vestibule
reverse
found on each side of the vagina
secrets lubricant during intercourse
greater vestibular glands
reverse
contains erectile tissue richly supplied with sensory fibers
corresponds to the male penis
clitoris
reverse
hooded by prepuce
composed of erectile tissue
becomes swollen with blood during sexual intercourse
similarities between clitoris and penis
reverse
Ovarian cycle
Uterine cycle
female reproductive cycle components
reverse
maturation of follicle days 1-13
Oogenesis: formation of egg days 1-14
ovulation day 14
formation of corpus luteum days 14-28
Ovarian cycle
reverse
changes in endometrium
controlled by ovarian hormones
Uterine cycle
reverse
maturation of follicel days 1-13
Oogenesis: egg formation day 1-14
Ovulation day 14
formation of corpus luteum days 14-28
ovarian cycle 28 day overview
reverse
oocyte surrounded by follicular cells
6-7 million form during fetal development
at birth 2 million, at puberty 400k
400 ova are released during reproductive years
primordial follicles
reverse
primary follicle: single layer of cells surrounding oocyte (day 1)
secondary follicle (day 13) antrum, zonapellicida, corona radiata
mature follicle
corpus luteum (day 15-28)
Follicular maturation
reverse
total suppply of eggs present at birth
ability to release eggs begins at puberty
reproductive ability ends at menopause
Oogenesis
reverse
occurs in developing ovarian follicles
oocyte maturation
reverse
primary oocyte 46 chromosomes
secondary oocyte+polar body 23 chromosomes
secondary oocyte begins meiosis II
arrests in metaphase II
egg cell that is ovulated (day 14)
oogenesis cycle
reverse
release of secondary oocyte from the surface of the ovary
secondary oocyte is surrounded by zona pellucid and corona radiata
oocyte is ovulated into pelvic cavity
ovulation
reverse
meiosis I Iis completed
mature ova + second polar body are formed
zygote forms when nucleus of egg and sperm merge
if it does not occur egg will degenerate within 12-24 hrs
fertilization
reverse
one ova+2-3 polar bodies
oogenesis final product
reverse
menstruation days 1-5
proliferation phase days 3-14
secretory phase days 15-28
uterine cycle 28 day overview
reverse
period of mentrual bleeding
menstruation
reverse
endometrium repairs and grows
proliferation phase
reverse
endometrium increases in size and readies for implantation
secretory phase
reverse
estrogen
luteinizing hormone
estrogen and progesterone
hormone control of female reproduction
reverse
secreted by foliicular cells during first 14 days of ovarian cycle
stimulates growth of endometrium
estrogen
reverse
secreted by pituitary gland
levels surge around day 13 causing ovulation
luteinizing hormone
reverse
secreted by luteum during last 14 days of ovarian cycle
stimulate growth and activity of uterine glands within endometrium
estrogen and progesterone
reverse
oocyte is viable for 12-24 hrs after release
sperm are viable for 24048 hrs after ejaculation
sexual intercourse must occur no more than 2 days before ovulation and no later than 24 hrs after
sperm cells must make their way to the uterine tube for fertilization to be possible
Egg fertilization
