Chapter 15 Urinary reverse Flashcards
reverse
Elimination of waste products
Regulates aspects of homeostasis
Urinary system functions
reverse
nitrogenous wastes
toxins
drugs
Waste products
reverse
Water balance
electrolytes
acid-base balance in the blood
blood pressure
red blood cell productoin-Erythropoietin
Activation of vitamin D
aspects of homeostasis
reverse
Kidneys (2)
Ureters (2)
Urinary bladder
urethra
Organs of urninary system
reverse
lateral to the vertebral column
against the dorsal wall (retroperitoneal)
at the level of T12 to L3 vertebrae
Right kidney is slightly lower than left due to liver position
Kidney location
reverse
fibrous capsule surrounds each
perirenal fat capsule surrounds and cushions against blows
Kidney coverings
reverse
Renal cortex
renal medulla
renal pelvis
renal or medullary pyramids
renal columns
calyces
Regions of kidney
reverse
Fibrous capsule surrounds each
perirenal fat capsule surrounds and cushions against blows
renal cortex
reverse
inner region of kidney
Renal medulla
reverse
funnel shaped collecting tubes
Renal pelvis
reverse
triangular regions of tissue in the renal medulla
contain nephron loops and collecting ducts
renal or medullary pyramids
reverse
extensions of cortex-like material inward that separates the mudullary pyramids
renal columns
reverse
cup shaped structures that receive urine from the collecting ducts
funnel urine towards the renal pelvis
calyces
reverse
one quarter of total blood of the body passes through the kidneys each minute
renal artery provides each kidney with arterial blood supply
plasma: filtered at glomerous
most filtrate is reabsorbed by pertitubular capillaries
venous blood drains into the inferior vena cava
Kidney blood supply
reverse
Structural and functional units of kidneys
1 million per kidney
responsible for forming urine
Nephron
reverse
Glomerulus
renal tubule
nephron main structures
reverse
capillary bed
site of plasma filtratoin
filtrate enters glomerular capsule
Glomerulus
reverse
extends from glamerular capsule and ends at the collecting duct
filtrate is processed as it flows through nephron
renal tubule
reverse
receives fluid from many nephrons
concentrates urine by reabsorbing water
directs urine into the calyces and renal pelvis
Collecting duct
reverse
close to renal tubules
reabsorb substances from nephron and collecting ducts
peritubular capillaries
reverse
filtration
reabsorption
secretion
Urine formation
reverse
from glomerulus to glomerular capsule
urine filtration
reverse
nutrients, most electrolytes and most water
reabsorbed substances enter peritubular capillaries
urine reabsorption
reverse
drugs (penicillin, phenobarbitoal, histamine)
ammonia and excess H+ and K+
substances taken from peritubular capillaries and secreted into fluid within nephron
urine secretion
reverse
about 1-1.8 L per day
min .4 L per day (obligitory water loss)
urine and filtrate are different:
urine characteristics
reverse
contains everything that blood plasma does except protein
urine filtrate
reverse
what remains after most of the water, nutrients and necessary ions have been reabsorbed from the filtrate
urine
reverse
yellow color due to pigment urochrome (from destruction of hemoglobin) and solutes
sterile
slightly aromatic
normal pH around 6
contains urea, uric acid, creatine, excess electrolytes and water
does NOT contain glucose, proteins, RBC’s and WBC’s
Urnine characteristics
reverse
slender tubes about 10”
begin at renal pelvis and end at the posterior aspect of the bladder
lined with mucous membrane to protect against acidic urine
has a muscular layer: peristalsis propels the urine into the bladder
Ureters
reverse
smooth collapsable muscular sac
temporarily stores urine
mucous membrane protects against acidic urine
located within the pelvic cavity, posterior to the pubic bone
contractoin of detrusor muscle forces urine into the urethra
Urinary bladder
reverse
thin walled tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body by peristalsis
Urethra
reverse
internal: involuntary made of smooth muscle
external: skeletal muscle voluntary
urethra sphincters
reverse
process of voiding the bladder
Micturition (urination)
