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Biology 108 > Chapter 16 Reproductive > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Reproductive Flashcards

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1
Q

Male Reproductive system functions

A

sperm production

secrete testosterone

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2
Q

Male reproductive primary organs

A

testes

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3
Q

Male reproductive duct system

A

epididymis

vas deferens

ejaculatory duct

urethra

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4
Q

Male reproductive accessory organs

A

seminal vesichles

prostate

bulbourethral gland

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5
Q

Male external genitalia

A

scrotum

penis

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6
Q

Tunica albuginea

A

capsule that surrounds each testis

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7
Q

site of sperm production

A

testes lobule containing tightly coiled seminiferous tubules

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8
Q

sertoli cells

A

support and nourish sperm

regulate sperm production

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9
Q

Spermatogonia

A

produce sperm

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10
Q

interstitial cells

A

between seminiferous tubules

produce androgens such as testosterone

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11
Q

Epididymis

A

6 meters of coiled tube: found in the superior part of the testis and slong the posterior lateral side

site of sperm maturation and storage

concentration of muscles in the wall of the epididymis expels sperm with the vas deferens

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12
Q

Vas Deferens

Ductus Deferens

A

carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

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13
Q

ejaculation

A

smooth muscle in the walls of the vas deferens create peristaltic waves to squeeze the sperm forward

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14
Q

vasectomy

A

cutting the vas deferens at the level of the testes to prevent the transportation of sperm

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15
Q

Ejaculatory duct

A

short duct that connects the vas deferens to the urethra

within the prostate gland

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16
Q

urethra

A

extends from the base of the urinary bladder to the tip of the penis

carries urine and sperm

sperm enters from the ejaculatory duct

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17
Q

seminal vesicles

A

located posterior to the urinary bladder

secretes alkaline fluid into ejaculatory ducts:

fructose-energy for sperm

60% of final semen volume

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18
Q

prostate gland

A

inferior to urinary bladder

secretes alkaline fluid:

helps activate sperm

enters the urethra through several small ducts

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19
Q

bulbourethral glands

A
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20
Q

semen

A

mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions:

alkaline pH: 7.2-7.6 (neutralizes vaginal secretions)

volume 2-5ml

average sperm count: 120 million per ml

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21
Q

sperm

A

non mobile with the male reproductive system

begin to swim in an alkaline environment

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22
Q

capacitation

A

changes that allow sperm to fertilize egg

occurs within the female reproductive tract

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23
Q

scrotum

A

divided pouch of skin posterior to the penis

maintains the testes about 3 deg C lower than body temp to protect sperm

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24
Q

penis

A

delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract

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25
Q

regions of the penis

A

shaft

glans penis (enlarged tip)

prepuce (foreskin): folded cuff or skin around proximal end

often removed by circumcision

internally 3 areas of spongy erectile tissue

erections occur when erectile tissue fills with blood during sexual excitement

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26
Q

spermatogenesis

A

production of sperm cells

entire process takes 64-72 days

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27
Q

production of sperm cells

A

meiotic cell division

begins at puberty and continues throughout life

occurs in the seminiferous tubules

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28
Q

spermatogenesis cycle

A
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29
Q

spermatogenesis final product

A

4 sperm cells containing 23 chromosomes

sperms cells are not genetically identical

30
Q

Structure of mature sperm

A

Head contaiing nuclueus of 23 chromosomes and acrosomal cap

midpiece: fliaments and mitochondria

Tail: flagellum

31
Q

acrosomal cap

A
32
Q

Female reproductive functions

A
33
Q

Female primary reproductive organs

A

ovaries

34
Q

female reproductive duct system

A

uterine tubes

uterus

vagina

35
Q

female external genitalia

A

vulva

36
Q

ovaries

A
37
Q

ovarian follicles

A

each consists of Oocyte (immature egg)

follicular cells-surround the Oocyte

38
Q

uternine tubes

“fallopian”

A

receive the ovulated oocyte

site of fertilization upper 1/3 of tube

lined with simple ciliated columnar epithelium

helps move oocyte toward uterus

39
Q

uterus

A

holloow muscular organ

located between the urinary bladder and rectum

endometrium inner most layer

cervix projects into the vagina

protects fetus during pregnancy

40
Q

vagina

A

fibromuscular tube

extends from cervix to exterior of body

serves as birth canal

receives penis during intercourse

hymen

41
Q

hymen

A

membrane that partially covers the vaginal orifice

42
Q

Vulva

A

mons pubis

labia majora

labia minora

43
Q

mons pubis

A

fatty area overlying the pubic symphysis

covered with pubi hair after puberty

44
Q

labia majora

A

encloses and protects the other external reprosuctive organs

45
Q

labia minora

A

longitudinal folds between labia majora

converge anteriorly to form hood of clitoris

46
Q

Vestibule

A

enclosed by labia majora

contains external openings of the urethra and vagina

47
Q

greater vestibular glands

A

found on each side of the vagina

secrets lubricant during intercourse

48
Q

clitoris

A

contains erectile tissue richly supplied with sensory fibers

corresponds to the male penis

49
Q

similarities between clitoris and penis

A

hooded by prepuce

composed of erectile tissue

becomes swollen with blood during sexual intercourse

50
Q

female reproductive cycle components

A

Ovarian cycle

Uterine cycle

51
Q

Ovarian cycle

A
52
Q

Uternie cycle

A

changes in endometrium

controlled by ovarian hormones

53
Q

ovarian cycle 28 day overview

A

maturation of follicel days 1-13

Oogenesis: egg formation day 1-14

Ovulation day 14

formation of corpus luteum days 14-28

54
Q

primordial follicles

A
55
Q

Follicular maturation

A
56
Q

Oogenesis

A

total suppply of eggs present at birth

ability to release eggs begins at puberty

reproductive ability ends at menopause

57
Q

oocyte maturation

A

occurs in developing ovarian follicles

58
Q

oogenesis cycle

A
59
Q

ovulation

A

release of secondary oocyte from the surface of the ovary

secondary oocyte is surrounded by zona pellucid and corona radiata

oocyte is ovulated into pelvic cavity

60
Q

fertilization

A
61
Q

oogenesis final product

A

one ova+2-3 polar bodies

62
Q

uterine cycle 28 day overview

A

menstruation days 1-5

proliferation phase days 3-14

secretory phase days 15-28

63
Q

menstruation

A

period of mentrual bleeding

64
Q

proliferation phase

A

endometrium repairs and grows

65
Q

secretory phase

A

endometrium increases in size and readies for implantation

66
Q

hormone control of female reproduction

A

estrogen

luteinizing hormone

estrogen and progesterone

67
Q

estrogen

A

secreted by foliicular cells during first 14 days of ovarian cycle

stimulates growth of endometrium

68
Q

luteinizing hormone

A

secreted by pituitary gland

levels surge around day 13 causing ovulation

69
Q

estrogen and progesterone

A

secreted by luteum during last 14 days of ovarian cycle

stimulate growth and activity of uterine glands within endometrium

70
Q

Egg fertilization

A

oocyte is viable for 12-24 hrs after release

sperm are viable for 24048 hrs after ejaculation

sexual intercourse must occur no more than 2 days before ovulation and no later than 24 hrs after

sperm cells must make their way to the uterine tube for fertilization to be possible

Biology 108 (38 decks)

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