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Medical Terminology > Chapter 4 Spelling Words (Week 2) > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Spelling Words (Week 2) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anaplasia

A

A change in the structure and orientation of cells, characterized by a loss of differentiation and reversion to a more primitive form.
-plasia=formation, growth; ana=not, without

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2
Q

anatomical position

A

the standard reference position for the body as a whole

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3
Q

anterior

A

pertaining to the front of the body or toward the peppy of the body.

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4
Q

aplasia

A

a developmental failure resulting in the absence of any organ or tissue
-plasia=formation, growth; a=without, not

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5
Q

cardiac muscle

A

the muscle that makes up the muscular wall of the heart

-ac=pertaining to; cardi=heart

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6
Q

caudal

A

pertaining to the tail

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7
Q

cell

A

the smallest and most numerous structural unit of living matter

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8
Q

cell membrane

A

the semipermeable barrier that is the other covering of a cell

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9
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

the first seven segments of the spinal column; identified as C1 through C7
-al=pertaining to; cervic=neck

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10
Q

chromosomes

A

the threadlike structures within the nucleus that control the functions of growth, repair, and reproduction for the body

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11
Q

coccyx

A

the tailbone. Located at the end of the vertebral column, the coccyx results from the fusion of four individual coccygeal bones in the child

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12
Q

connective tissue

A

tissue that supports and binds other body tissue and parts

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13
Q

cranial

A

pertaining to the skull or cranium

–al=pertaining to; crani=skull

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14
Q

cranial cavity

A

the cavity that contains the brain

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15
Q

cytology

A

the study of cells

-logy=the study of; cyt=cell

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16
Q

cytoplasm

A

a gel-like substance that surrounds the nucleus of the cell and contains the organs, called organelles.

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17
Q

deep

A

away from the surface and toward the inside of the body

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18
Q

distal

A

away from or farthest from the trunk of the body or farthest from the point of origin or a body part

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19
Q

dorsal

A

pertaining to the back

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20
Q

dorsum

A

the back or posterior surface of a part; in the foot, the top of the foot

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21
Q

dysplagia

A

any abnormal development of tissue or organs

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22
Q

epigastric region

A

the region of the abdomen located between the right and left hypochondriac regions in the upper set ion of the abdomen, beneath the cartilage of the ribs

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23
Q

epithelial tissue

A

the tissue that covers the internal and external organs of the body; it also lines the vessels, body cavities, glands, and body organs

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24
Q

frontal plane

A

any of the vertical planes passing through the body from the head to the feet, perpendicular to the sagittal planes and dividing the body into front and back portions.

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25
Q

genes

A

segments of chromosomes that transmit hereditary characteristics

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26
Q

histologist

A

a medical scientist who specializes int he study of tissues

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27
Q

hyperplasia

A

an increase in the number of cells of a body part

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28
Q

hypochondriac region

A

the right and left regions of the upper abdomen, beneath the cartilage of the lower ribs; located on either side of the epigastric region.

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29
Q

hypogastric region

A

the middle section of the lower abdomen, beneath the umbilical region

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30
Q

hypoplasia

A

incomplete or underdeveloped organ or tissue, usually the result of a decrease in the number of cells

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31
Q

inferior

A

below or downward toward the tail or feet

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32
Q

inguinal region

A

the right and left regions of the lower section of the abdomen; also called the iliac region

33
Q

intervertebral disc

A

a flat, circular, plate-like structure of cartilage that serves as a cushion (or shock absorber) between the vertebrae

34
Q

lateral

A

toward the side of the body, away from the midline of the body

35
Q

long axis

A

the long axis of the body; the imaginary line created by directing a vertical line through the middle of the body from the top of the head to a space equidistant between the feet; essentially the midline of the body

36
Q

lumbar region

A

the right and left regions of the middle section of the abdomen

37
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A

the largest and strongest of the vertebrae of the spinal column, located in the lower back. The lumbar vertebrae consist of five large segments of the movable part of the spinal column; identified as L1 through L5

38
Q

lysosomes

A

cell organs (or organelles) that contain various types of enzymes that function in intracellular digestion; they destroy bacteria by digesting them.

39
Q

McBurney’s point

A

a point on the right side of the abdomen, about two-thirds of the distance between the umbilicus and the anterior bony prominence of the hip

40
Q

medial

A

toward the midline of the body

41
Q

mediolateral

A

pertaining to the middle and side of a structure

42
Q

membrane

A

the thin later of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space, such as the abdominal membrane that lines the abdominal wall

43
Q

midline of the body

A

the imaginary “line” created when the body is divided into equal right and left halves

44
Q

midsagittal plane

A

the plane that divides the body is divided into equal right and left halves

45
Q

mitochondria

A

cell organs (or organelles), which provide energy needed by the cell to carry on its essential functions

46
Q

Munro’s point

A

a point on the left side of the abdomen, about hallway between the umbilicus and the anterior bony prominence of the hip

47
Q

muscle tissue

A

the tissue capable of producing movement of the parts and organs of the body by contracting and relaxing its fibers.

48
Q

navel

A

the umbilicus; the belly button

49
Q

neoplasia

A

the new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant

50
Q

nervous tissue

A

tissue that transmits impulses throughout the body, thereby activating coordinating, and controlling the many functions of the body

51
Q

nucleus

A

the central controlling body within a living cell that is enclosed within the cell membrane

52
Q

organ

A

tissues arranged together to perform a special function

53
Q

pelvic cavity

A

the lower front cavity of the body, located beneath the abdominal cavity; contains the urinary bladder and reproductive organs

54
Q

peritoneum

A

a specific serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall of the body and is reflected over the contained viscera

55
Q

plane

A

imaginary slices (or cuts) made through the body as if a dividing sheet were passed through the body at a particular angle and in a particular direction, permitting a view from a different angle

56
Q

plantar

A

pertaining to the sole or bottom of the foot

57
Q

posterior

A

pertaining to the back of the body

58
Q

pronation

A

a movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn downward and backward.

59
Q

prone

A

lying facedown on the abdomen

60
Q

proximal

A

toward or nearest to the trunk of the body or nearest to the point of origin of a body part

61
Q

ribosomes

A

cell organs (or organelles) that synthesize proteins; often called the cell’s “protein factories”

62
Q

sacrum

A

the singular triangular-shaped bone that results fro the fusion of the five individual sacral bones of the child

63
Q

skeletal muscle

A

muscle that is attached to bone and is responsible for the movement of the skeleton

64
Q

smooth muscle

A

muscle found in the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body such as the stomach and intestines

65
Q

spinal cavity

A

the cavity that contains the nerves of the spinal cord; also known as the spinal canal

66
Q

superficial

A

pertaining to the surface of the body or near the surface

67
Q

superior

A

above or upward toward the head

68
Q

supination

A

a movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn upward or forward

69
Q

supine

A

lying horizontally on the back, faceup

70
Q

system

A

organs that work together to perform the many functions the body as a whole

71
Q

thoracic cavity

A

the chest cavity, which contains the lungs, heart, aorta, esophagus, and trachia

72
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

the second segment of 12 vertebrae that make up the vertebral bones of the chest; identified as T1 through T12

73
Q

tissue

A

a group of cells that performs specialized functions

74
Q

transverse plane

A

any of the planes cutting across the body perpendicular to the sagittal and frontal planes, dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions

75
Q

umbilical region

A

the region of the abdomen located in the middle section of the abdomen, between the right and left lumbar regions and directly beneath the epigastric region

76
Q

umbilicus

A

the navel; also called the belly button

77
Q

ventral

A

pertaining to the front; belly side

78
Q

visceral

A

pertaining to the internal organs

79
Q

visceral muscle

A

muscle found in the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body such as the stomach and intestines (smooth muscle)

Medical Terminology (65 decks)

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