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Medical Terminology > Chapter 4 Spelling Words (Week 2) > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Spelling Words (Week 2) Flashcards

1
Q

anaplasia

A

A change in the structure and orientation of cells, characterized by a loss of differentiation and reversion to a more primitive form.
-plasia=formation, growth; ana=not, without

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2
Q

anatomical position

A

the standard reference position for the body as a whole

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3
Q

anterior

A

pertaining to the front of the body or toward the peppy of the body.

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4
Q

aplasia

A

a developmental failure resulting in the absence of any organ or tissue
-plasia=formation, growth; a=without, not

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5
Q

cardiac muscle

A

the muscle that makes up the muscular wall of the heart

-ac=pertaining to; cardi=heart

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6
Q

caudal

A

pertaining to the tail

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7
Q

cell

A

the smallest and most numerous structural unit of living matter

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8
Q

cell membrane

A

the semipermeable barrier that is the other covering of a cell

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9
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

the first seven segments of the spinal column; identified as C1 through C7
-al=pertaining to; cervic=neck

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10
Q

chromosomes

A

the threadlike structures within the nucleus that control the functions of growth, repair, and reproduction for the body

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11
Q

coccyx

A

the tailbone. Located at the end of the vertebral column, the coccyx results from the fusion of four individual coccygeal bones in the child

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12
Q

connective tissue

A

tissue that supports and binds other body tissue and parts

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13
Q

cranial

A

pertaining to the skull or cranium

–al=pertaining to; crani=skull

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14
Q

cranial cavity

A

the cavity that contains the brain

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15
Q

cytology

A

the study of cells

-logy=the study of; cyt=cell

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16
Q

cytoplasm

A

a gel-like substance that surrounds the nucleus of the cell and contains the organs, called organelles.

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17
Q

deep

A

away from the surface and toward the inside of the body

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18
Q

distal

A

away from or farthest from the trunk of the body or farthest from the point of origin or a body part

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19
Q

dorsal

A

pertaining to the back

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20
Q

dorsum

A

the back or posterior surface of a part; in the foot, the top of the foot

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21
Q

dysplagia

A

any abnormal development of tissue or organs

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22
Q

epigastric region

A

the region of the abdomen located between the right and left hypochondriac regions in the upper set ion of the abdomen, beneath the cartilage of the ribs

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23
Q

epithelial tissue

A

the tissue that covers the internal and external organs of the body; it also lines the vessels, body cavities, glands, and body organs

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24
Q

frontal plane

A

any of the vertical planes passing through the body from the head to the feet, perpendicular to the sagittal planes and dividing the body into front and back portions.

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25
genes
segments of chromosomes that transmit hereditary characteristics
26
histologist
a medical scientist who specializes int he study of tissues
27
hyperplasia
an increase in the number of cells of a body part
28
hypochondriac region
the right and left regions of the upper abdomen, beneath the cartilage of the lower ribs; located on either side of the epigastric region.
29
hypogastric region
the middle section of the lower abdomen, beneath the umbilical region
30
hypoplasia
incomplete or underdeveloped organ or tissue, usually the result of a decrease in the number of cells
31
inferior
below or downward toward the tail or feet
32
inguinal region
the right and left regions of the lower section of the abdomen; also called the iliac region
33
intervertebral disc
a flat, circular, plate-like structure of cartilage that serves as a cushion (or shock absorber) between the vertebrae
34
lateral
toward the side of the body, away from the midline of the body
35
long axis
the long axis of the body; the imaginary line created by directing a vertical line through the middle of the body from the top of the head to a space equidistant between the feet; essentially the midline of the body
36
lumbar region
the right and left regions of the middle section of the abdomen
37
lumbar vertebrae
the largest and strongest of the vertebrae of the spinal column, located in the lower back. The lumbar vertebrae consist of five large segments of the movable part of the spinal column; identified as L1 through L5
38
lysosomes
cell organs (or organelles) that contain various types of enzymes that function in intracellular digestion; they destroy bacteria by digesting them.
39
McBurney's point
a point on the right side of the abdomen, about two-thirds of the distance between the umbilicus and the anterior bony prominence of the hip
40
medial
toward the midline of the body
41
mediolateral
pertaining to the middle and side of a structure
42
membrane
the thin later of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space, such as the abdominal membrane that lines the abdominal wall
43
midline of the body
the imaginary "line" created when the body is divided into equal right and left halves
44
midsagittal plane
the plane that divides the body is divided into equal right and left halves
45
mitochondria
cell organs (or organelles), which provide energy needed by the cell to carry on its essential functions
46
Munro's point
a point on the left side of the abdomen, about hallway between the umbilicus and the anterior bony prominence of the hip
47
muscle tissue
the tissue capable of producing movement of the parts and organs of the body by contracting and relaxing its fibers.
48
navel
the umbilicus; the belly button
49
neoplasia
the new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant
50
nervous tissue
tissue that transmits impulses throughout the body, thereby activating coordinating, and controlling the many functions of the body
51
nucleus
the central controlling body within a living cell that is enclosed within the cell membrane
52
organ
tissues arranged together to perform a special function
53
pelvic cavity
the lower front cavity of the body, located beneath the abdominal cavity; contains the urinary bladder and reproductive organs
54
peritoneum
a specific serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall of the body and is reflected over the contained viscera
55
plane
imaginary slices (or cuts) made through the body as if a dividing sheet were passed through the body at a particular angle and in a particular direction, permitting a view from a different angle
56
plantar
pertaining to the sole or bottom of the foot
57
posterior
pertaining to the back of the body
58
pronation
a movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn downward and backward.
59
prone
lying facedown on the abdomen
60
proximal
toward or nearest to the trunk of the body or nearest to the point of origin of a body part
61
ribosomes
cell organs (or organelles) that synthesize proteins; often called the cell's "protein factories"
62
sacrum
the singular triangular-shaped bone that results fro the fusion of the five individual sacral bones of the child
63
skeletal muscle
muscle that is attached to bone and is responsible for the movement of the skeleton
64
smooth muscle
muscle found in the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body such as the stomach and intestines
65
spinal cavity
the cavity that contains the nerves of the spinal cord; also known as the spinal canal
66
superficial
pertaining to the surface of the body or near the surface
67
superior
above or upward toward the head
68
supination
a movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn upward or forward
69
supine
lying horizontally on the back, faceup
70
system
organs that work together to perform the many functions the body as a whole
71
thoracic cavity
the chest cavity, which contains the lungs, heart, aorta, esophagus, and trachia
72
thoracic vertebrae
the second segment of 12 vertebrae that make up the vertebral bones of the chest; identified as T1 through T12
73
tissue
a group of cells that performs specialized functions
74
transverse plane
any of the planes cutting across the body perpendicular to the sagittal and frontal planes, dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions
75
umbilical region
the region of the abdomen located in the middle section of the abdomen, between the right and left lumbar regions and directly beneath the epigastric region
76
umbilicus
the navel; also called the belly button
77
ventral
pertaining to the front; belly side
78
visceral
pertaining to the internal organs
79
visceral muscle
muscle found in the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body such as the stomach and intestines (smooth muscle)

Medical Terminology (65 decks)

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