Chapter 13 Flashcards
True or False: The pituitary gland is known as the “master gland” and has an intricate duct system to all the organs it controls.
False. It is true that it is called the “master gland,” but it is a ductless system where hormones are secreted directly into the bloodstream.
Both the thyroid and parathyroid glands regulate the levels of this mineral in the blood:
a. sodium
b. calcium
c. potassium
d. iron
b. Calcium is very important to the nervous system. Calcitonin encourages storage of calcium in bones, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) encourages its release.
True or False: The adrenal glands are known for their role in the body’s “fight-or-flight” response, and hormones from both the adrenal cortex and medulla are involved
True. The adrenal medulla releases the adrenaline and noradrenaline, and the adrenal cortex releases glucocorticoids
The islets of Langerhans are responsible for secreting _________, which stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose when blood sugar is extremely low.
a. insulin
b. estrogen
c. epinephrine
d. glucagon
d. Glucagon stimulates glucose production, while insulin promotes usage of glucose and storage of excess glucose in the liver for later use.
True or False: Acromegaly occurs before puberty, while gigantism occurs after puberty.
False. It is the other way around
True or False: Exophthalmia is a classic symptom of Graves’ disease
True. Hyperthyroidism and a noticeably enlarged thyroid gland are the other two
The term for excessive cell growth, which is seen in goiter, is ____________.
a. hyperplasia
b. hypertrophy
c. hypoplasia
d. hypotrophy
a. It is trying to make up for the deficiency in the T3 and T4 hormones.
Hypocalcemia, or low levels of calcium in the blood, is characterized by:
a. muscle weakness
b. nerve weakness
c. muscle spasms
d. all of the above
d. As mentioned previously, calcium is very important to the nervous system, but it is also important to the muscular system.
True or False: Central weight gain is a symptom of Cushing’s syndrome, which is caused by increased production of cortisol.
True. In fact, “miracle” diet pills are aimed at controlling the production of cortisol, which is believed to cause excess belly fat
The following statements about type 2 diabetes mellitus are true EXCEPT:
a. majority of individuals are obese
b. usually appears after age 30
c. requires control with insulin
d. individuals not as likely to develop DKA
c. Type 2 diabetes can be controlled with diet and exercise.
True or False: A glucose tolerance test (GTT) is used to identify gestational diabetes.
True. This is routinely done between 24 and 28 weeks into pregnancy.
This test looks at the thyroid from both an anatomic and physiologic standpoint:
a. thyroid scan
b. thyroid echogram
c. thyroid function test
d. radioactive iodine uptake test
a. A thyroid scan uses radionuclear scanning to achieve this.
