Chapter 10

Question 1

Which layer of the heart is required for muscle contraction?

a. epicardium
b. endocardium
c. myocardium
d. pericardium

Answer 1

c. Myo = muscle.

Question 2

True or False: Getting oxygenated blood to the lungs is vital to other body systems.

Answer 2

False. The lungs convert deoxygenated blood to oxygenated, which is vital to other body systems.

Question 3

In looking at the diagram of the heart, what is unique about the pulmonary arteries and veins?

a. Nothing else uses “pulmonary” in the name.
b. The arteries carry deoxygenated blood and veins carry oxygenated blood.
c. Each is connected to the opposite lung.
d. There is nothing unique about them.

Answer 3

b. This is the only exception in all of the body’s arteries and veins.

Question 4

True or False: If a patient has angina pectoris, the first concern is a heart attack.

Answer 4

True. It is standard protocol that if a patient comes in with chest pain, this is top priority

Question 5

In coronary artery bypass grafting, what large vessel is the main source of the new blood supply?

a. vena cava
b. pulmonary artery
c. brachiocephalic artery
d. aorta

Answer 5

d. The grafts taken from other parts of the body are connected to the aorta and then connected past the occlusion of the affected coronary artery.

Question 6

True or False: Another term for the backflow of blood into the left atrium is regurgitation

Answer 6

True. This condition can produce an extra sound in the heartbeat called a murmur

Question 7

What would be the term for surgical removal of an aneurysm?

a. aneurysmectomy
b. aneurysmoectomy
c. aneurysmotomy
d. aneurysmoplasty

Answer 7

a. The element -ectomy means surgical removal. No combining vowel is used because it already starts with a vowel

Question 8

True or False: Venous insufficiency is not as severe as varicose veins.

Answer 8

False. Varicose veins are simply enlarged superficial veins, while venous insufficiency is a decreased return of venous blood from the legs. This may lead to ulceration of the skin

Question 9

Which of the congenital abnormalities mentioned require surgical correction?

a. tetralogy of Fallot
b. patent ductus arteriosus
c. coarctation of the aorta
d. all of them

Answer 9

d. Medicine is not effective on any of these defects

Question 10

True or False: Ventricular fibrillation must be corrected within 3 to 4 minutes, or the result is death

Answer 10

True. CPR and defibrillation (countershock) must be performed to reestablish an adequate rhythm

Question 11

A patient with angina pectoris has an abnormal EKG and elevated cardiac enzymes. __________________ is then performed to determine the extent of cardiovascular disease.

a. Exercise stress testing
b. Cardiac catheterization
c. Holter monitoring
d. Computed axial tomography

Answer 11

b. This is standard procedure to determine the need for bypass surgery versus stent placement.

Question 12

True or False: The PET scanner is helpful in detecting coronary artery disease, which is less invasive than cardiac catheterization.

Answer 12

True. However, these machines are very costly, which limits their use.

Question 13

cardiology

Answer 13

the study of the heart

Question 14

cardiologist

Answer 14

a physician who specializes in the study of the diseases and disorders of the heart

Question 15

what is the center of the circulatory system?

Answer 15

the heart

Question 16

parietal pericardium

Answer 16

the outer covering of the pericardium

Question 17

visceral pericardium

Answer 17

the tight covering over the heart surface; the inner layer of the pericardium; also known as the epicardium

Question 18

pericardial cavity

Answer 18

the space between the parietal and visceral pericardium filled with lubrication fluid

Question 19

the layers of the heart?

Answer 19

epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium

Question 20

how many heart chambers?

Answer 20

-4 chambers, upper/receiving chambers (right and left atria) and lower/pumping chambers (right and left ventricles)

Question 21

What are the heart septums?

Answer 21

• the septum dividing the right and left sides of the heart
• the interatrial septum dividing the atria
• the interventricular septum dividing the ventricles

Question 22

the circulation of the heart

Answer 22

from the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava, deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium, through the tricuspid valve, into the right ventricle, into the pulmonary valve, into the right and left pulmonary arteries, into the lungs====pulmonary circulation
then oxygenated blood travels from the lungs into the left atrium via four pulmonary veins, into the mitral (bicuspid) valve into the left ventricle, through the aortic valve into the aorta and to the rest of the body=====systemic circulation

Question 23

does the heart use a lot of oxygen?

Answer 23

yes, approximately three times more oxygen than other organs of the body

Question 24

sinoatrial node

Answer 24

the pacemaker of the heart; it sets the rhythm for the entire heart; impulse is initiated from the SA node

Question 25

atrioventricular node

Answer 25

the AV node relays the impulse to the ventricles through a bundle of specialized muscle fibers called the bundle of His

Question 26

The bundle of His

Answer 26

these impulses cause the ventricles to contract; divides into right and left bundle branches that terminate in fibers called Purkinje fibers

Question 27

Perkinje fibers

Answer 27

fan out into the muscles of the ventricles forming the electrical impulse-conducting system of the heart

Question 28

diastolic phase

Answer 28

the ventricles relax and fill with blood

Question 29

systolic phase

Answer 29

the ventricles contract

Question 30

blood pressure

Answer 30

the pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the arteries; maximum pressure is systolic pressure (top #) and minimum pressure is diastolic pressure (bottom #)

Question 31

What is blood pressure measured with ?

Answer 31

a sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope

Question 32

asytole

Answer 32

absence of contractions of the heart

Question 33

dependent edema

Answer 33

a fluid accumulation in the tissues influenced by gravity; usually greater in the lower extremities than in tissue levels above the level of the heart

Question 34

Homan’s sign

Answer 34

pain felt in the calf of the leg or behind the knee when dorsiflexing the foot of the patient; pain indicates thrombophlebitis

Question 35

hypoexemia

Answer 35

insufficient oxygenation of arterial blood

Question 36

murmur

Answer 36

low-pitched humming or fluttering sound heard on auscultation

Question 37

pacemaker

Answer 37

SA node or mechanical devise to maintain normal heart rhythm

Question 38

serum sickness

Answer 38

a hypersensitivity that may occur 2 or 3 weeks after getting an antiserum

Question 39

vegetation

Answer 39

an abnormal growth of tissue around a valve