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Medical Terminology > chapter 16 Spelling Words > Flashcards

chapter 16 Spelling Words Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

testosterone

A
  • the male hormone secreted by the testicles
  • responsible to the secondary sex characteristics that occur with the onset of puberty that include deepening of the voice, facial hair, and growth of pubic hair
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2
Q

testes

A
  • male sex glands

- also called the male gonads

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3
Q

scrotum

A
  • where the testicles live

- a sac posterior to the penis and suspended from the perineum

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4
Q

perineum

A

-the area between the scrotum and the anus in the male

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5
Q

testicle

A
  • a singular male sex organ
  • it remains suspended in the scrotal sac by a spermatic cord that contains blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, and the vas deferens
  • must remain suspended from the scrotal sac to function normally
  • consists of specialized coils of tiny tubules responsible for the production of sperm
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6
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

-the specialized coils within the testicle
-testosterone is secreted from the interstitial tissue between these tubules
They are responsible for the production of sperm

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7
Q

epididymis

A
  • a tightly coiled tubule that resembles a comma
  • here is where sperm matures (become fertile and motile)
  • in the lower part of the epididymis the mature sperm is stored
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8
Q

vas deferens

A
  • also called the ductus deferens
  • narrow, straight tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
  • merges with the adjacent seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct
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9
Q

seminal vesicles

A

-secretes a thick, yellowish fluid that is known as seminal fluid into the vas deferens, which constitutes a large part of the volume of semen

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10
Q

semen

A

-a combination of sperm and various secretions expelled from the body through the urethra

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11
Q

ejaculation

A

-the process of ejecting, or expelling, the semen from the male urethra

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12
Q

prostate gland

A
  • just below the urinary bladder and surrounds the base of the urethra
  • its ducts transport thin, milky-colored, alkaline secretions that enhance the motility of the sperm and help to neutralize the secretions within the vagina
  • the prostate’s muscular action aids in expelling the semen from the body
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13
Q

Cowper’s glands

A
  • pea-sized glands that secrete fluids that nourish the sperm and enhance their motility
  • these fluids also make up the rest of the volume of the semen
  • they empty into the urethra just before it extends though the penis
  • also known as the bulbourethral glands
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14
Q

asymptomatic

A

-without symptoms

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15
Q

chancre

A
  • a skin lesion, usually of primary syphilis, that begins at the site of infection as a small raised area and develops into a red painless ulcer with a scooped-out appearance
  • also known as a venereal sore
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16
Q

cryosurgery

A
  • use of subfreezing temperature to destroy tissue
  • as low as -160 degrees is used
  • when the probe touches the tissues of the body, the moist tissues adhere to the cold metal of the probe and freeze
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17
Q

debridement

A

-the removal of dirt, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound or a burn to prevent infection and promote healing

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18
Q

dormant

A

inactive

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19
Q

dysuria

A

painful urination

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20
Q

epididymectomy

A

-surgical removal of the epididymis

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21
Q

epididymitis

A
  • acute or chronic inflammation of the epididymis

- can be the result of a urinary tract infection, prolonged use of indwelling catheters, or venereal disease in the male

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22
Q

exudate

A

-fluid, pus, or serum slowly discharged from cells or blood vessels through small pores or breaks in cell membranes

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23
Q

foreskin

A
  • a loose, retractable fold of skin covering the tip of the penis
  • also called the prepuce
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24
Q

glans penis

A

-the tip of the penis

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25
Q

gonad

A
  • the male sex glands, which are called the testes

- primary organs of the male reproductive system

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26
Q

malaise

A

-a vague feeling of bodily weakness or discomfort, often marking the onset of disease

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27
Q

malodorous

A
  • foul smelling

- having a bad odor

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28
Q

mucopurulent

A

-a combination of mucus and pus

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29
Q

opportunistic infection

A

-an infection caused by normally nondisease-producing organisms that sets up in a host whose resistance has been decreased by surgery, illnesses, and disorders such as AIDS

30
Q

orchidopexy

A

–surgical fixation of the testicle
-involves making an incision into the inguinal canal, locating the testicle, and bringing it back down into the scrotal sac
orchi/o=testicle orchid/o=testicle -pexy=surgical fixation

31
Q

palpation

A

-an examination technique that involves feeling parts of the body with the hands

32
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease

A
  • inflammation of the upper female genital tract (cervix, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes)
  • also known as salpingitis
  • may be associated with transmitted diseases
33
Q

prepuce

A

-the foreskin

34
Q

prophylactic

A

-any agent or regimen that contributes to the prevention of infection and disease

35
Q

prostatectomy

A

-removal of all or part of the prostate gland

36
Q

purulent

A

-producing or containing pus

37
Q

rectoscope

A
  • an instrument used to view the rectum that has a cutting and cauterizing (burning) loop
  • also known as a proctoscope
  • it has a light and lens attached for viewing
38
Q

residual urine

A

-urine that remains in the bladder after urination

39
Q

salpingitis

A

-inflammation of the fallopian tubes
-also known as pelvic inflammatory disease
salping/o=eustachian tubes; also refers to the fallopian tubes -itis=inflammation

40
Q

spermatozoan

A
  • a mature male germ cell

- also known as spermatozoon

41
Q

spermatozoon

A
  • spermatozoan

- a mature male germ cell

42
Q

urethra

A

-a small tubular structure extending the length of the penis that transports urine from the bladder and semen when ejaculated to the outside of the body

43
Q

urethritis

A

-inflammation of the urethra

44
Q

vesicles

A
  • blisters

- small, raised skin lesions containing clear fluid

45
Q

anorchism

A

-the absence of one or more testicles

46
Q

balanitis

A

-inflammation of the glans penis and the mucous membrane beneath it
-caused by irritation and invasion of microorganisms
balan/o=glans penis -itis=inflammation

47
Q

benign prostatic hypertrophy

A
  • a benign enlargement of the prostate gland, creating pressure on the upper part of the urethra or neck of the bladder causing an obstruction of urine flow
  • common in men over 50
48
Q

cryptorchidism

A

-condition of undescended testicle (s)
-the absence of one or both testicles from the scrotum
-may be located in the abdominal cavity or in the inguinal canal
-surgery (orchiopexy) is necessary if it does not descend on its own
crypt/o=hidden orchid/o=testicle -ism=condition

49
Q

epispadias

A
  • a congenital defect where the urethra opens on the upper side of the penis at some point near the glans
  • surgical correction with redirection of the opening is the treatment
50
Q

hydrocele

A

-an accumulation of fluid in any saclike cavity or duct
-particularly the scrotal sac or along the spermatic cord
-caused by inflammation of the epididymis or testis or obstruction of lymphatic or venous flow w/in the spermatic cord
-treatment is removal of the fluid pouch
hydro=water -cele=swelling or herniation

51
Q

hypospadias

A
  • a congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the underside of the penis instead of at the end
  • treatment involves surgically redirecting the opening to its normal location
52
Q

impotence

A
  • inability of a male to achieve or sustain an erection of the penis
  • causes: may be psychological or physiological
53
Q

inguinal hernia

A
  • a protrusion of a part of the intestine through a weakened spot in the muscles and membranes of the inguinal region of the abdomen
  • the intestine pushes into and sometimes fills the entire scrotal sac in the male
54
Q

orchitis

A
  • inflammation of the testes due to a virus, bacterial infection, or injury
  • may affect one or both testes
  • typically occurs from the mumps virus
  • if severe, can result in atrophy of the testicle
55
Q

phimosis

A
  • a tightness of the foreskin/prepuce of the penis that prevents it from being pulled back
  • the opening narrows due to the tightness and may cause some urination difficulties
  • usually congenital but can result from edema and inflammation
  • treatment is curcumcision
56
Q

premature ejaculation

A
  • the discharge of seminal fluid prior to complete erection of the penis or immediately after the penis has entered the vaginal canal
  • causes: psychological or physiological
57
Q

prostatitis

A
  • inflammation of the prostate gland

- may be acute or chronic and due to a bacterial infection

58
Q

varicocele

A
  • an abnormal dilation of the veins of the spermatic cord leading to the testicle
  • often causes more discomfort than pain and most often occurs between ages of 15 to 25
  • can lower sperm count b/c of the heat generated from the venous congestion
59
Q

chlamydia

A
  • an STD that causes inflammation of the cervix (cervicitis) and urethritis & epididymitis in men
  • Symptoms: Men–discharge from the penis and burning & itching and burning sensation on urination; Women–often do not appear until complications occur as a result of the chlamydial infection, thick vaginal mucopurulent discharge (early), can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (which can cause infertility) if left untreated
  • prevent: use latex condoms; treat: antibiotics
60
Q

genital herpes

A
  • a highly contagious viral infection of the male and female genitalia caused by herpes simplex virus
  • also known as venereal herpes
  • transmitted by direct contact w/ infected body secretions
  • different from other STDs because it can spontaneously recur once aquired
  • 2 phases: active phase when symptoms are present and the virus can be spread; dormant phase when free of symptoms (some can still transmit during this phase)
  • there is no cure and is linked to cervical cancer in women
61
Q

genital warts

A
  • small, cauliflower-like fleshy growths along the penis in men and in or near the vagina in women
  • transmitted through sexual intercourse
  • 1-6month difference between infection and symptoms
  • reoccurance is common; condoms can help but avoiding contact is advisable for those with lesions
62
Q

gonorrhea

A
  • a sexually transmitted bacterial (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) infection of the mucous membrane of the genital tract in men and women.
  • spread by sexual intercourse or between a mother and infant during birth
  • symptoms more obvious in the male: greenish-yellow purulent, dysuria and frequent urination (2-7 days after infection
  • women can be asymptomatic or experience the same symptoms; as it spread, it can cause salpingitis
  • treated with antibiotics; should be treated w/ chlamydia as they can occur simultaneously; infants are treated in the his eyes following birth
63
Q

syphilis

A
  • an STD with lesions that can affect any organ spread by sexual intercourse or mother to infant during birth
  • highly contagious and caused by Treponema pallidum
  • 3 stages: *Primary–small red pustules known as chancre; highly contagious lesions appearing w/in 10 days to a few weeks; treat with antibiotics
  • Secondary stage–appr. 2 months later as it spreads throughout the body; still highly contagious and can be treated with penicillin
  • Tertiary stage–lesions are seen throughout the body; cannot be treated now with antibiotics; can lead to life-threatening disorders of the brain, spinal cord, & heart
64
Q

trichomoniasis

A
  • a sexually transmitted protozoal infection of the vagina, urethra, or prostate
  • usually spread through sexual intercourse and affects appr. 15% of all sexually active people.
  • Caused by Trichomonas vaginalis
  • men are usually asymptotic but can has some symptoms; women have itching, burning, and malodorous discharge that is frothy and greenish-yellow
  • treated with an anti-infective drug Fagyl (metronidazole)
65
Q

castration

A
  • surgical removal of the testicles in the male (or ovaries in the female)
  • also known as orchidectomy or orchiectomy
  • usually preformed to reduce the production and secretion of certain hormones that may encourage the growth of malignant (cancerous) cells in either the male or female
  • the person is then sterile
66
Q

circumcision

A
  • a procedure to remove the prepuce (foreskin)
  • more commonly done to infants than adults
  • can be indicated by phimosis, unreplaceable retraction of a narrow foreskin, pain w/ erection or during intercourse, or recurrent balanitis
  • guided forceps if most common method
67
Q

cystoscopy

A
  • the process of viewing the interior of the bladder by using a cystoscope
  • it enters through the meatus
  • detects tumors, inflammation, renal calculi, and structural irregularities, or obtaining biopsy samples
68
Q

intravenous pyelogram

A
  • (IVP), also known as intravenous pyelography or excretory urogram
  • a radiographic procedure that provides visualization of the entire urinary tract
  • a contrast dye is injected and X-rays are taken as it is filtrated by the kidneys
69
Q

orchidectomy

A
  • surgical removal of the testicle
  • occurs when a testicle is no long functioning or palliative relief surgery for prostate gland cancer (it removes the testosterone to help reduce the spread of the cancer)
70
Q

semen analysis

A
  • assessment of volume, viscosity, sperm count, sperm motility, and % of any abnormal sperm
  • may be used to determine fertility issues between couples or after a vasectomy to confirm male sterility
71
Q

suprapubic prostatectomy

A
  • surgical removal of the prostate gland through an incision into the abdominal wall, just above the pubic bone
  • it is done when the prostate is deemed to large to fit through the urethra
72
Q

vasectomy

A
  • a surgical cutting and tying of the vas deferens to prevent the passage of sperm
  • male sterilization

Medical Terminology (65 decks)

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