chapter 16 Spelling Words Flashcards
testosterone
- the male hormone secreted by the testicles
- responsible to the secondary sex characteristics that occur with the onset of puberty that include deepening of the voice, facial hair, and growth of pubic hair
testes
- male sex glands
- also called the male gonads
scrotum
- where the testicles live
- a sac posterior to the penis and suspended from the perineum
perineum
-the area between the scrotum and the anus in the male
testicle
- a singular male sex organ
- it remains suspended in the scrotal sac by a spermatic cord that contains blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, and the vas deferens
- must remain suspended from the scrotal sac to function normally
- consists of specialized coils of tiny tubules responsible for the production of sperm
seminiferous tubules
-the specialized coils within the testicle
-testosterone is secreted from the interstitial tissue between these tubules
They are responsible for the production of sperm
epididymis
- a tightly coiled tubule that resembles a comma
- here is where sperm matures (become fertile and motile)
- in the lower part of the epididymis the mature sperm is stored
vas deferens
- also called the ductus deferens
- narrow, straight tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
- merges with the adjacent seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct
seminal vesicles
-secretes a thick, yellowish fluid that is known as seminal fluid into the vas deferens, which constitutes a large part of the volume of semen
semen
-a combination of sperm and various secretions expelled from the body through the urethra
ejaculation
-the process of ejecting, or expelling, the semen from the male urethra
prostate gland
- just below the urinary bladder and surrounds the base of the urethra
- its ducts transport thin, milky-colored, alkaline secretions that enhance the motility of the sperm and help to neutralize the secretions within the vagina
- the prostate’s muscular action aids in expelling the semen from the body
Cowper’s glands
- pea-sized glands that secrete fluids that nourish the sperm and enhance their motility
- these fluids also make up the rest of the volume of the semen
- they empty into the urethra just before it extends though the penis
- also known as the bulbourethral glands
asymptomatic
-without symptoms
chancre
- a skin lesion, usually of primary syphilis, that begins at the site of infection as a small raised area and develops into a red painless ulcer with a scooped-out appearance
- also known as a venereal sore
cryosurgery
- use of subfreezing temperature to destroy tissue
- as low as -160 degrees is used
- when the probe touches the tissues of the body, the moist tissues adhere to the cold metal of the probe and freeze
debridement
-the removal of dirt, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound or a burn to prevent infection and promote healing
dormant
inactive
dysuria
painful urination
epididymectomy
-surgical removal of the epididymis
epididymitis
- acute or chronic inflammation of the epididymis
- can be the result of a urinary tract infection, prolonged use of indwelling catheters, or venereal disease in the male
exudate
-fluid, pus, or serum slowly discharged from cells or blood vessels through small pores or breaks in cell membranes
foreskin
- a loose, retractable fold of skin covering the tip of the penis
- also called the prepuce
glans penis
-the tip of the penis
gonad
- the male sex glands, which are called the testes
- primary organs of the male reproductive system
malaise
-a vague feeling of bodily weakness or discomfort, often marking the onset of disease
malodorous
- foul smelling
- having a bad odor
mucopurulent
-a combination of mucus and pus
opportunistic infection
-an infection caused by normally nondisease-producing organisms that sets up in a host whose resistance has been decreased by surgery, illnesses, and disorders such as AIDS
orchidopexy
–surgical fixation of the testicle
-involves making an incision into the inguinal canal, locating the testicle, and bringing it back down into the scrotal sac
orchi/o=testicle orchid/o=testicle -pexy=surgical fixation
palpation
-an examination technique that involves feeling parts of the body with the hands
pelvic inflammatory disease
- inflammation of the upper female genital tract (cervix, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes)
- also known as salpingitis
- may be associated with transmitted diseases
prepuce
-the foreskin
prophylactic
-any agent or regimen that contributes to the prevention of infection and disease
prostatectomy
-removal of all or part of the prostate gland
purulent
-producing or containing pus
rectoscope
- an instrument used to view the rectum that has a cutting and cauterizing (burning) loop
- also known as a proctoscope
- it has a light and lens attached for viewing
residual urine
-urine that remains in the bladder after urination
salpingitis
-inflammation of the fallopian tubes
-also known as pelvic inflammatory disease
salping/o=eustachian tubes; also refers to the fallopian tubes -itis=inflammation
spermatozoan
- a mature male germ cell
- also known as spermatozoon
spermatozoon
- spermatozoan
- a mature male germ cell
urethra
-a small tubular structure extending the length of the penis that transports urine from the bladder and semen when ejaculated to the outside of the body
urethritis
-inflammation of the urethra
vesicles
- blisters
- small, raised skin lesions containing clear fluid
anorchism
-the absence of one or more testicles
balanitis
-inflammation of the glans penis and the mucous membrane beneath it
-caused by irritation and invasion of microorganisms
balan/o=glans penis -itis=inflammation
benign prostatic hypertrophy
- a benign enlargement of the prostate gland, creating pressure on the upper part of the urethra or neck of the bladder causing an obstruction of urine flow
- common in men over 50
cryptorchidism
-condition of undescended testicle (s)
-the absence of one or both testicles from the scrotum
-may be located in the abdominal cavity or in the inguinal canal
-surgery (orchiopexy) is necessary if it does not descend on its own
crypt/o=hidden orchid/o=testicle -ism=condition
epispadias
- a congenital defect where the urethra opens on the upper side of the penis at some point near the glans
- surgical correction with redirection of the opening is the treatment
hydrocele
-an accumulation of fluid in any saclike cavity or duct
-particularly the scrotal sac or along the spermatic cord
-caused by inflammation of the epididymis or testis or obstruction of lymphatic or venous flow w/in the spermatic cord
-treatment is removal of the fluid pouch
hydro=water -cele=swelling or herniation
hypospadias
- a congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the underside of the penis instead of at the end
- treatment involves surgically redirecting the opening to its normal location
impotence
- inability of a male to achieve or sustain an erection of the penis
- causes: may be psychological or physiological
inguinal hernia
- a protrusion of a part of the intestine through a weakened spot in the muscles and membranes of the inguinal region of the abdomen
- the intestine pushes into and sometimes fills the entire scrotal sac in the male
orchitis
- inflammation of the testes due to a virus, bacterial infection, or injury
- may affect one or both testes
- typically occurs from the mumps virus
- if severe, can result in atrophy of the testicle
phimosis
- a tightness of the foreskin/prepuce of the penis that prevents it from being pulled back
- the opening narrows due to the tightness and may cause some urination difficulties
- usually congenital but can result from edema and inflammation
- treatment is curcumcision
premature ejaculation
- the discharge of seminal fluid prior to complete erection of the penis or immediately after the penis has entered the vaginal canal
- causes: psychological or physiological
prostatitis
- inflammation of the prostate gland
- may be acute or chronic and due to a bacterial infection
varicocele
- an abnormal dilation of the veins of the spermatic cord leading to the testicle
- often causes more discomfort than pain and most often occurs between ages of 15 to 25
- can lower sperm count b/c of the heat generated from the venous congestion
chlamydia
- an STD that causes inflammation of the cervix (cervicitis) and urethritis & epididymitis in men
- Symptoms: Men–discharge from the penis and burning & itching and burning sensation on urination; Women–often do not appear until complications occur as a result of the chlamydial infection, thick vaginal mucopurulent discharge (early), can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (which can cause infertility) if left untreated
- prevent: use latex condoms; treat: antibiotics
genital herpes
- a highly contagious viral infection of the male and female genitalia caused by herpes simplex virus
- also known as venereal herpes
- transmitted by direct contact w/ infected body secretions
- different from other STDs because it can spontaneously recur once aquired
- 2 phases: active phase when symptoms are present and the virus can be spread; dormant phase when free of symptoms (some can still transmit during this phase)
- there is no cure and is linked to cervical cancer in women
genital warts
- small, cauliflower-like fleshy growths along the penis in men and in or near the vagina in women
- transmitted through sexual intercourse
- 1-6month difference between infection and symptoms
- reoccurance is common; condoms can help but avoiding contact is advisable for those with lesions
gonorrhea
- a sexually transmitted bacterial (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) infection of the mucous membrane of the genital tract in men and women.
- spread by sexual intercourse or between a mother and infant during birth
- symptoms more obvious in the male: greenish-yellow purulent, dysuria and frequent urination (2-7 days after infection
- women can be asymptomatic or experience the same symptoms; as it spread, it can cause salpingitis
- treated with antibiotics; should be treated w/ chlamydia as they can occur simultaneously; infants are treated in the his eyes following birth
syphilis
- an STD with lesions that can affect any organ spread by sexual intercourse or mother to infant during birth
- highly contagious and caused by Treponema pallidum
- 3 stages: *Primary–small red pustules known as chancre; highly contagious lesions appearing w/in 10 days to a few weeks; treat with antibiotics
- Secondary stage–appr. 2 months later as it spreads throughout the body; still highly contagious and can be treated with penicillin
- Tertiary stage–lesions are seen throughout the body; cannot be treated now with antibiotics; can lead to life-threatening disorders of the brain, spinal cord, & heart
trichomoniasis
- a sexually transmitted protozoal infection of the vagina, urethra, or prostate
- usually spread through sexual intercourse and affects appr. 15% of all sexually active people.
- Caused by Trichomonas vaginalis
- men are usually asymptotic but can has some symptoms; women have itching, burning, and malodorous discharge that is frothy and greenish-yellow
- treated with an anti-infective drug Fagyl (metronidazole)
castration
- surgical removal of the testicles in the male (or ovaries in the female)
- also known as orchidectomy or orchiectomy
- usually preformed to reduce the production and secretion of certain hormones that may encourage the growth of malignant (cancerous) cells in either the male or female
- the person is then sterile
circumcision
- a procedure to remove the prepuce (foreskin)
- more commonly done to infants than adults
- can be indicated by phimosis, unreplaceable retraction of a narrow foreskin, pain w/ erection or during intercourse, or recurrent balanitis
- guided forceps if most common method
cystoscopy
- the process of viewing the interior of the bladder by using a cystoscope
- it enters through the meatus
- detects tumors, inflammation, renal calculi, and structural irregularities, or obtaining biopsy samples
intravenous pyelogram
- (IVP), also known as intravenous pyelography or excretory urogram
- a radiographic procedure that provides visualization of the entire urinary tract
- a contrast dye is injected and X-rays are taken as it is filtrated by the kidneys
orchidectomy
- surgical removal of the testicle
- occurs when a testicle is no long functioning or palliative relief surgery for prostate gland cancer (it removes the testosterone to help reduce the spread of the cancer)
semen analysis
- assessment of volume, viscosity, sperm count, sperm motility, and % of any abnormal sperm
- may be used to determine fertility issues between couples or after a vasectomy to confirm male sterility
suprapubic prostatectomy
- surgical removal of the prostate gland through an incision into the abdominal wall, just above the pubic bone
- it is done when the prostate is deemed to large to fit through the urethra
vasectomy
- a surgical cutting and tying of the vas deferens to prevent the passage of sperm
- male sterilization
