chapter 4 objectives

Question 1

6 structures not present in all eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

Cilia, Flagella, Glycocalyx, the Cell wall, Chloroplasts

Question 2

flagellar structures of bacteria, eukaryotes, and
archaea

Answer 2

bacterial flagella –>smaller
eukaryotic–> 10x thicker
9 pairs +2 in center

Question 3

eukaryotic vs bacterial
cytoplasmic membranes

Answer 3

eukaryotic contain sterols

Question 4

main structural components of a nucleus

Answer 4

nuclear envelope, pores, 2 parallel lipid membranes

Question 5

importance of ribosomes

Answer 5

site of protein synthesis

Question 6

three main fibers of the cytoskeleton

Answer 6

actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules

Question 7

ribosomes bacteria vs. eukaryotic

Answer 7

Eukaryotic ribosomes are larger in size as 80s where as bacterial ribosomes are 70s

Question 8

flagella

Answer 8

Long sheathed cylinder containing regularly spaced microtubules. The function is for motility

Question 9

cilia

Answer 9

smaller and more numerous than flagella. The purpose of cilia is for motility

Question 10

glycocalyx

Answer 10

Composed of polysaccharides. They are meant for protection, adherence, and signal reception

Question 11

cell wall

Answer 11

They are rigid and provide structural support and shape in fungi.

Question 12

cytoplasmic membrane

Answer 12

made up of a bilayer of phospholipids in which protein molecules are embedded. serving as selectively permeable barriers

Question 13

cytoskeleton

Answer 13

permitting shape changes and movement. Made up of actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules

Question 14

nucleus

Answer 14

most prominent DNA

Question 15

nuclear envelope

Answer 15

protection and permeability

Question 16

nucleuous

Answer 16

RNA synthesis

Question 17

chromosomes

Answer 17

linear DNA

Question 18

ribosomes

Answer 18

protein synthesis

Question 19

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 19

rough: ribosomes attached, transport materials
smooth: no ribosomes, storage

Question 20

golgi apparatus

Answer 20

sort, package, send

Question 21

mitochondria

Answer 21

powerhouse, ATP, provides energy

Question 22

two groups of fungi

Answer 22

molds and yeast

Question 23

three features of fungal anatomy

Answer 23

Yeast, Hyphae, Pseudo hyphae

Question 24

budding yeast

Answer 24

single celled, has a round to oval shape, and reproduces asexually

Question 25

pseudo hyphae

Answer 25

chain of yeast cells

Question 26

true hyphae

Answer 26

long, threadlike cells found in the bodies of fungi

Question 27

diseases by 4 protozoa

Answer 27

1.Sarcodina (Amoeboid Protozoa) causes brain infection
2.Ciliophora (Ciliated Protozoa) causes Balantidiosis
3.Mastigophora (Flagellated Protozoa) causes Trypansomiasis
4.Sporozoa (Apicomplexan Protozoa) causes Malaria

Question 28

disease caused by naegleri fowleri

Question 29

two groups of helminths

Answer 29

flatworms and roundworms

Question 30

stages of pinworm

Answer 30

egg stage, transmission stage, ingestion stage, mating and colonization stage, reinfection stage