ch 12

Question 1

pyrogen

Answer 1

fever causing substance

Question 2

pyrogen source of exogenous/endogenous type

Answer 2

from outside (bacteria, fungi)
made inside you (immune response)

Question 3

3 types of antimicrobial host derived products

Answer 3

defensins, lysozymes, complement proteins

Question 4

diapedesis

Answer 4

squeezing through vessel walls

Question 5

margination

Answer 5

clumping along vessel lining

Question 6

intergins/selectins

Answer 6

selectins: attract white blood cells
intergins: on white blood cells and helps attract to endothelial cells

Question 7

extravasation

Answer 7

how cells leave the blood vessels

Question 8

lymph fluid

Answer 8

clear colorless that moves throughout lymphatic system

Question 9

lymph vessels

Answer 9

transport the lymph fluid

Question 10

primary organs of lymphatic system

Answer 10

1. bone marrow: produces RBC and differentiates B cells)
2. thymus: differentiates mature T cells

Question 11

secondary organs of lymphatic system

Answer 11

1. lymph nodes: cleans up pathogens
2. spleen: filters blood

Question 12

serum vs plasma

Answer 12

serum: clear fluid from clotted blood (used in immune therapy)
plasma: clear fluid that separates before clotting

Question 13

3 kinds of blood cells that function in innate immunity

Answer 13

neutrophils, platelets and leukocytes

Question 14

contrast where B and T cells mature

Answer 14

b cells mature in bone marrow while t cells mature in thymus

Question 15

hematopoiesis

Answer 15

production of blood cells

Question 16

reticulum

Answer 16

connective tissue fibers that permeate the tissues of the bodu

Question 17

cytokine

Answer 17

produced by monocytes/macrophages
regulate, stimulate, and suppress cell development

Question 18

3 components of first line of defense

Answer 18

1. physical (skin)
2. human microbiome
3. chemical resistance

Question 19

physical barriers in first line

Answer 19

skin and mucous membrane which is found in the digestive, urinary, and respiratory tracts

Question 20

chemical barriers in first line

Answer 20

skin secretions, stomach acidity, lysozymes, and iron bind proteins

Question 21

4 body systems that participate in first line

Answer 21

integumentary, respiratory, urinary, digestive

Question 22

probiotics vs. prebiotics

Answer 22

prebiotics: ingestive nutrients that feed bacteria
probiotics: suspension of actual live bacteria

Question 23

defensins

Answer 23

antimicrobial peptides found in many bodily secretions, fatty acids that lower pH, sweat, releases high salt

Question 24

4 major categories of second line of defense

Answer 24

phagocytosis, inflammation, fever, antimicrobial products

Question 25

5 types of white blood cells

Answer 25

mononuclear:
1. neutrophils
2. eosinophils
3. basophils
granulocyte:
4. lymphocytes
5. monocytes

Question 26

steps of phagocytosis

Answer 26

1. chemotaxis: phagocytes migrate into inflamed region (because of stimulant)
2. adhesion: phagocytes uses prps to recognize pamps on foreign cells (stick together)
3. engulfment: once phagocyte makes contact; it encloses the cells
4. phagolyosome formation: lysomes migrate to scene and fuse to form
5. destruction/excretion: small bits released through exocytosis

Question 27

rubor

Answer 27

redness caused by increased circulation and vasodilation

Question 28

calor

Answer 28

warmth caused by heat given off by increased flow of blood

Question 29

tumor

Answer 29

swelling caused by fluid escaping into the tissues

Question 30

dolor

Answer 30

pain caused by the stimulation of nerve

Question 31

mechanism of fever (benefits)

Answer 31

inhibits rapid microbial growth, inactivates toxins, encourages tissue repair, increases metabolism

Question 32

innate vs. adaptive

Question 33

pamps

Answer 33

signal molecules found on microbial surfaces and bind to PRRs (recognized by phagocytes)

Question 34

prrs

Answer 34

receptors that recognize and bind to PAMPS