ch 12 Flashcards
pyrogen
fever causing substance
pyrogen source of exogenous/endogenous type
from outside (bacteria, fungi)
made inside you (immune response)
3 types of antimicrobial host derived products
defensins, lysozymes, complement proteins
diapedesis
squeezing through vessel walls
margination
clumping along vessel lining
intergins/selectins
selectins: attract white blood cells
intergins: on white blood cells and helps attract to endothelial cells
extravasation
how cells leave the blood vessels
lymph fluid
clear colorless that moves throughout lymphatic system
lymph vessels
transport the lymph fluid
primary organs of lymphatic system
- bone marrow: produces RBC and differentiates B cells)
- thymus: differentiates mature T cells
secondary organs of lymphatic system
- lymph nodes: cleans up pathogens
- spleen: filters blood
serum vs plasma
serum: clear fluid from clotted blood (used in immune therapy)
plasma: clear fluid that separates before clotting
3 kinds of blood cells that function in innate immunity
neutrophils, platelets and leukocytes
contrast where B and T cells mature
b cells mature in bone marrow while t cells mature in thymus
hematopoiesis
production of blood cells
reticulum
connective tissue fibers that permeate the tissues of the bodu
cytokine
produced by monocytes/macrophages
regulate, stimulate, and suppress cell development
3 components of first line of defense
- physical (skin)
- human microbiome
- chemical resistance
physical barriers in first line
skin and mucous membrane which is found in the digestive, urinary, and respiratory tracts
chemical barriers in first line
skin secretions, stomach acidity, lysozymes, and iron bind proteins
4 body systems that participate in first line
integumentary, respiratory, urinary, digestive
probiotics vs. prebiotics
prebiotics: ingestive nutrients that feed bacteria
probiotics: suspension of actual live bacteria
defensins
antimicrobial peptides found in many bodily secretions, fatty acids that lower pH, sweat, releases high salt
4 major categories of second line of defense
phagocytosis, inflammation, fever, antimicrobial products
5 types of white blood cells
mononuclear:
1. neutrophils
2. eosinophils
3. basophils
granulocyte:
4. lymphocytes
5. monocytes
steps of phagocytosis
- chemotaxis: phagocytes migrate into inflamed region (because of stimulant)
- adhesion: phagocytes uses prps to recognize pamps on foreign cells (stick together)
- engulfment: once phagocyte makes contact; it encloses the cells
- phagolyosome formation: lysomes migrate to scene and fuse to form
- destruction/excretion: small bits released through exocytosis
rubor
redness caused by increased circulation and vasodilation
calor
warmth caused by heat given off by increased flow of blood
tumor
swelling caused by fluid escaping into the tissues
dolor
pain caused by the stimulation of nerve
mechanism of fever (benefits)
inhibits rapid microbial growth, inactivates toxins, encourages tissue repair, increases metabolism
innate vs. adaptive
pamps
signal molecules found on microbial surfaces and bind to PRRs (recognized by phagocytes)
prrs
receptors that recognize and bind to PAMPS
