chapter 3 objectives

Question 1

differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic

Answer 1

prokaryotic: no nucleus or membrane bound organelles

Question 2

structures all bacteria possess

Answer 2

Cytoplasmic membrane, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, chromosomes

Question 3

structures some but not all bacteria possess

Answer 3

cytoskeleton, flagella, pili, fimraie, outer membrane, nanowires/nanotubes, plasmids, inclusions, endospores, microcompartments

Question 4

pili

Answer 4

appendage that draws in bacterium to transfer dna

Question 5

fimbriae

Answer 5

fine hairlike bristles (protein) extends from cell surface; adhesion

Question 6

flagella/endoflagella

Answer 6

appendage attached to cell, holds a long rotating filament. moves cell forward and provides motility

Question 7

s layer

Answer 7

monolayer of protein used for protection and/or attachment

Question 8

glycocalyx

Answer 8

coating(tan) of molecules external to the cell wall. It serves protective, adhesive, and receptor functions. tight or loose

Question 9

slime layer

Answer 9

loosely attached to the wall, protects against loss of water and nutrients

Question 10

flagellum in presence of attractant

Answer 10

Bacteria moves in response to chemical signals which is known as chemotaxis. Receptors then bind which causes the flagellum to rotate (run or tumble)

Question 11

chemotaxis

Answer 11

movement of bacteria in response to chemical signals, it can be positive or negative

Question 12

biofilm

Answer 12

attached to wall and protects against loss of water and nutrients

Question 13

3 possible layers of the cell envelope bacteria

Answer 13

innermost: cytoplasmic membrane/cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer); regulation
middle: cell wall, which contains peptidoglycan; structural support
outermost: capsule (not in all); protection

Question 14

two main types of bacterial cell envelope structure and the color in a
Gram stain

Answer 14

gram positive: 2 layer cell envelope, no outer membrane, thick peptidoglycan, and teichoic acid, cell membrane
gram negative: 3 layer cell envelope, complex outer membrane, thin peptidoglycan and no teichoic acid, cell membrane

Question 15

why the Gram-negative organism cell envelope makes it more resistant to some
antimicrobials than a Gram positive organism

Answer 15

Gram-negative organism has an outer membrane while a Gram-positive organism does not

Question 16

Plasmids

Answer 16

a small closed loop with 5-10 genes; transferable; used for genetic engineering, and provide genetic flexibility

Question 17

Nucleoid/ Chromosomes

Answer 17

nuclear region of the cell that contains a singular circular copy of a DNA molecule

Question 18

Ribosomes

Answer 18

synthesize proteins for the cell

Question 19

Inclusion bodies

Answer 19

Helps store excess folded proteins in times of cellular distress

Question 20

Microcompartments

Answer 20

Help with cell organization in eukaryotes most commonly

Question 21

Cytoskeleton

Answer 21

Serves as a structural support for the cell as well as aiding in cell movement

Question 22

Endospores

Answer 22

allows the overall bacterial cell to stay dormant for extended periods of time if needed during cellular distress

Question 23

the size of the bacterial ribosomes compared to eukaryotic ribosomes

Answer 23

bacterial:70s
eukaryotic:80s