ch. 21 objectives Flashcards
List the natural defenses present in the urinary tract.
Flushing action of urine
Bactericidal properties of urine
Mucus production
Intact epithelial lining
List the defenses of the female genital tract
Lactobacilli-dominant vaginal microbiota
Physical barrier of the labia majora and minora
Mucus production by the cervix
Shedding of vaginal epithelial cells
List the types of normal biota presently known to occupy the urinary and genital tracts of both male and female
Bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus spp., Staphylococcus epidermidis)
Fungi (e.g., Candida albicans)
Archaea (small numbers)
List and describe 5 types of samples collected for urine testing
Clean Catch (midstream): patient collected
Straight catheter: used once and removed
Indwelling Catheter: collected from port not drainage bag
Suprapubic catheter: inserted surgically into the bladder through a small incision above the symphysis pubis
Suprapubic aspirate: needle aspirate collected directly from the bladder
List sample unacceptable for urine culture
Urine collected from an indwelling catheter bag
* Catheters that are in place in the patient and drain to a bag
Describe the 2 types of tubes for urine collection/ transport for culture and urinalysis
Tiger Top for urinalysis only
Grey top for urine culture only
List the most common cause of Catheter associated UTIs and Community associated UTIs
catheter: e. coli
community: organisms from GI tract
UTI
causative agents: e. coli, s. sap, k. pne, p. mir
modes of transmission: opportunistic growth
prevention/treatment: hygiene, treated with antimicrobial agents
leptopspirosis
causative agent: leptospira interrogans
2 phases of infection: leptospriemic phase and immune phase
modes of transmission: vehicle (contaminated soil and water)
prevention: avoiding contaminated vehicles
cystitis
infection of the urinary bladder that occurs when urine is reduced or bacteria are accidentally introduced into the bladder
pyelophritis
infection of the kidneys
urethritis
infection limited to the urethra
dysuria
burning pain accompanying urination
hematuria
presence of blood in the urine causes it to have an orange color
weils syndrome
kidney invasion, hepatic disease, jaundice, anemia, neurological disturbances