ch 15

Question 1

3 major categories of microbial identification techniques

Answer 1

phenotypic: what is actually expressed
genotypic: rna/dna (genes)
immunologic: analysis of antibodies/antigens

Question 2

point of care testing

Answer 2

testing given at the bedside so continuous care can be ensured
CT, MRI

Question 3

general collection procedures (skin, urine, fluids, sputum)

Answer 3

skin: swabbed, scrapped
urine: catherer, urine
fluids: sterile needle aspiration
sputum: discharged by coughing

Question 4

3 different test that fall in indentification category

Answer 4

gram stain, biochemical testing, isolation media

Question 5

benefits of direct gram stain

Answer 5

reveal if bacteria is present ( methods of determin microbial characteristics

Question 6

test that differentiates staph and strep

Answer 6

catalase

Question 7

clinical significance

Answer 7

Clinically important or if it is merely a contaminant or normal biota

Question 8

2 drawback of phenotypic testing

Answer 8

when microbe is cultured it takes 18-24 hours
many infectious conditions may be caused by nonculturable organisms

Question 9

serology

Answer 9

study of serous and other samples for presence of specific antibodies

Question 10

principle

Answer 10

antibodies have extreme specificity for antigens

Question 11

agglutination

Answer 11

antigens are whole cells or organism

Question 12

precipitation

Answer 12

antigen examined is a soluble molecule

Question 13

antibody titer test acute vs chronic

Answer 13

acute: lgm
chronic: lgg

Question 14

direct vs indirect immunofluorescence test

Answer 14

direct: antigen detection
indirection: antibody detection

Question 15

pcr

Answer 15

resutls in the production of numerous identical copies of dna or rna

Question 16

when is pulsed field gel most useful

Answer 16

acute outbreaks of foodborne and other infections

Question 17

in vivo test

Answer 17

antigens/antibodies introduced to elict a visible reaction
ex. tb