Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > ch 11 > Flashcards

ch 11 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

colonization

A

presence of microbes in host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

infection

A

multiplication of organism in host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

disease

A

when infection starts affecting host and causing damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

commensalism

A

microbe benefits and host is unaffected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

mutualism

A

both benefit, host and microbe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

parasitism

A

pathogens cause damage to host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

sites where normal biota are found

A

skin, upper respiratory tract, vagina, external genitalia, external eyelids, GI tract, outer portion of urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

sites where normal biota are not found

A

brain and blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

factors that weaken host defenses

A

–>old age, newborn
–>genetic defenses in immunity
–>surgery/transplants
–>diseases
–>chemotherapy
–>pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

5 sources where newborn acquire microbiota

A
  1. in utero
  2. birth
  3. milk
  4. caregivers
  5. enviornment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

pathogenicity vs virulence

A

pathogenicity: potential to cause disease
virulence: characteristics that contributes to ability cause damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

steps of a microbe must to take to cause disease

A
  1. portal of entry
  2. attach/negotiate with microbiome
  3. survive host defenses
  4. cause damage
  5. exit host
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

significance of polymicrobial infections

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

portals of entry

A

respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, skin, parenteral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

portals of exit

A

respiratory secretions, feces, urine, blood, genital, secretions, wound exudates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

infectious dose

A

minimum number of microbes necessary to cause an infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

three ways microbes cause tissue damge

A
  1. enzymes or toxins (endotoxins and exotoxins)
  2. inducing hosts defenses to respond excessively
  3. changes in gene function made to host cells
18
Q

exoenzymes

A

enzymes secreted by microbes that break down and damage tissues

19
Q

4 examples of exoenzymes

A

mucinase, hyaluroidase, coagulase, kinase

20
Q

endotoxins vs exotoxins

A

endotoxins: gram negative, released upon lysis, less potent, lipopolysaccharide
exotoxins: protein with specificity for target, secreted, highly potent

21
Q

sign vs symptom

A

sign: evidence of disease as noted by observer
symptom: subjective evidence sensed by patient

22
Q

signs of blood infection

A

leukocytosis: increased white blood cell levels
leukopenia: decreased white blood cell levels
septicemia: microorganisms are multiplied in the blood and are present in large numbers
bacteremia/viremia: bacteria/virus present in blood (not multiplying

23
Q

asymptomatic

A

no noticeable symptoms produced

24
Q

pathogen

A

microorganism that causes disease

25
Q

sequealae

A

long term damage to organs caused by infections

26
Q

virulence factors

A

characteristic that contributes to ability to establish/cause damage

27
Q

4 types of reservoirs

A

human (carriers that are ill), human (recovered, but can spread), animals (pathogens are directly transmitted; eating), arthopods (host of pathogen is mode of transmission; mosquito)

28
Q

modes of transmission

A

direct/indirect contanct, droplet, airborne, fecal-oral

29
Q

horizontal vs vertical transmission

A

horizontal: disease spread through population from one infected individual to another
vertical: transmitted from parent to offspring (milk)

30
Q

healthcare associated infection

A

infectious diseases developed during hospital stay (pneumonia, GI infections)

31
Q

reservoir

A

source of infectious agent

32
Q

transmitter

A

organism that spreads the infectious agent

33
Q

zoonosis

A

an infection indigenous to animals but naturally transmissible to humans

34
Q

communicable

A

disease transmissible from one person to another

35
Q

contagious

A

easily transmissible

36
Q

non communicable

A

not transmissible

37
Q

goals of epidemiology

A

study of frequency and distribution of disease

38
Q

vs tranditional medical practice

A

diagnosis/ treatment of patient for disease

39
Q

notifiable/ reportable disease

A

notifiable: must be reported to health authorities (HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis)

40
Q

incidence

A

rate of new cases of disease

41
Q

prevalence

A

total number of cases (NOT NEW)

Microbiology (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions