ch 10

Question 1

main goal of antimicrobial treatment

Question 2

3 characteristics an antibiotic must possess

Answer 2

easy to administer and reach infectious agen
be toxic to agent not to host
remain active as long as needed

Question 3

ehrlich

Answer 3

arsenic in syphillis cure

Question 4

fleming

Answer 4

penicillin

Question 5

domagk

Answer 5

sulfa drugs

Question 6

florey and chain

Answer 6

purified penicillin

Question 7

sources for most commonly used antimicrobials

Answer 7

plant extracts, chemicals, antibiotics, synthetic, semisynthetic

Question 8

selective toxicity

Answer 8

kill or inhibit microbial cells without damaging host tissues

Question 9

5 major targets of antimicrobial agents

Answer 9

inhibition of cell wall synthesis
inhibition of nucleic acid structure/function
inhibition of ribosome
interference with cytoplasmic membrane
inhibition of folic acid

Question 10

broad spectrum vs narrow spectrum

Answer 10

broad: affect many taxonomic groups
narrow: affects only a few pathogens

Question 11

differences in biofilm and nonbiofilm infections

Question 12

2 ways microbes acquire antimicrobial resistance

Question 13

5 cellular or structural mechanicsms that microbes use

Answer 13

production of an enzyme to inactivate antimicrobial agent
alteration of target site
alteration in permeability to agent
production of an alternate metabolic pathway
persister cells

Question 14

antibiotic associated colitis

Question 15

superinfection

Answer 15

microbes that were once small in number can begin to overgrow and cause
disease

Question 16

mic definition

Answer 16

he smallest concentration (highest
dilution) of drug that visibly inhibits growth

Question 17

how do mic and kb test