ch 14 Flashcards
immunopathology
The study of disease states associated with the over reactivity or under reactivity of the immune response
2 categories of immune dysfunction
primary: from birth
secondary: acquired
4 major categories of hypersensitivities to antigens
Type I: “common” allergy and anaphylaxis
Type II: IgG- and IgM-mediated cell damage
Type III: immune complex
Type IV: T-cell response
4 substances released by mast cell in type 1
- histamine: smooth muscle constriction
- leukotrienes: smooth muscle constrictors
- protaglandins: constrict bronchical tubes
cytokines: stimulate inflammation
5 conditions caused by lgE mediated allergic reactions
- ezcema
- asthma
- hay fever (seasonal reaction)
- food allergy
- drug allergies
3 main ways to prevent short-circuit type 1 allergic reactions
avoidance, desensitization, drugs
allergy
immune response characterized by inflammation
atopy
chronic local allergy, asthma or hay fever
anaphylaxis
systemic response, blocks airway and effects circulation, can be deadly
mast cells
white blood cells that defend against antigens
asthma
chronic condition caused by airway allergens/exercise/ low temperatures
3 immune components causing cell lysis in type 2 hypersensitivity
lgG, lgM, complement proteins
role of rh
similarities/differences type III and type II
s: lgG and lgM activated,
D: type 3 antigens are not attached to surface of cell
type iV delayed hypersensitivity example
TB test, positive reaction is characterized by skin inflammation at injection site