ch 14 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

immunopathology

A

The study of disease states associated with the over reactivity or under reactivity of the immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 categories of immune dysfunction

A

primary: from birth
secondary: acquired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4 major categories of hypersensitivities to antigens

A

Type I: “common” allergy and anaphylaxis
Type II: IgG- and IgM-mediated cell damage
Type III: immune complex
Type IV: T-cell response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

4 substances released by mast cell in type 1

A
  1. histamine: smooth muscle constriction
  2. leukotrienes: smooth muscle constrictors
  3. protaglandins: constrict bronchical tubes
    cytokines: stimulate inflammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

5 conditions caused by lgE mediated allergic reactions

A
  1. ezcema
  2. asthma
  3. hay fever (seasonal reaction)
  4. food allergy
  5. drug allergies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 main ways to prevent short-circuit type 1 allergic reactions

A

avoidance, desensitization, drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

allergy

A

immune response characterized by inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

atopy

A

chronic local allergy, asthma or hay fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

anaphylaxis

A

systemic response, blocks airway and effects circulation, can be deadly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mast cells

A

white blood cells that defend against antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

asthma

A

chronic condition caused by airway allergens/exercise/ low temperatures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

3 immune components causing cell lysis in type 2 hypersensitivity

A

lgG, lgM, complement proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

role of rh

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

similarities/differences type III and type II

A

s: lgG and lgM activated,
D: type 3 antigens are not attached to surface of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

type iV delayed hypersensitivity example

A

TB test, positive reaction is characterized by skin inflammation at injection site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

stages of cell mediated hypersensitivity reaction

A

sensitization: t-cells encounter
activation: reexposure triggers t-cell activation, cytokine release
inflammation: cytokines recruit immune cells

17
Q

4 classes of grafts

A

autograft (same individual different site)
isograft (idential twin tissue)
allograft (different individual)
xenograft (animal)

18
Q

host vs graft disease

A

cytotoxic t cells of a host recognize foreign class I MHC markers on surface of grafted cells

19
Q

graft vs host disease

A

bone marrow forms immune products against host immune system

20
Q

autoimmune disease

A

disease where an individual develops hypersensitivity to themself (t-cells launch abnormal attack of self antigens)

21
Q

molecular mimicry

A

a foreign antigen has a similar gene sequence or structure to that of a self-antigen, leading to autoimmunity

22
Q

primary immunodeficienies

A

genetic defect, inherited (present at birth)

23
Q

secondary

A

acquired later in life

24
Q

b-cell defect

A

impairs antibody production (vulnerable to infections)
ex. brutons disease

25
Q

t-cell defect

A

disrupts cell-mediated immunity (hinders defense)
ex. digeorge syndrome

26
Q

t/b cell deficiency

A

sever susceptibility as there is dysfunction in both
ex. scid

27
Q

complement defects

A

disrupts cascade of proteins crucial for fighting infections
ex. hereditary angioedema

28
Q

2 causes of secondary immunodeficiency diseases

A
  1. malnutrition (lack of protein energy weakens immune system)
    ex. kwashiorkor
  2. medication (drugs suppress immune function)
    ex. chemotherapy
29
Q

most know secondary immunodeficiency

A

HIV which targets CD4+ T cells (vital for coordinating immune response)