Chapter 36-patients With Special Challenges

Question 1

Developmental disability

Answer 1

Refers to insufficient development of the brain, resulting in some level of dysfunction or impairment

Question 2

Autism spectrum disorder

Answer 2

General terms used to describe a group of complex disorders of brain development that very greatly and signs and symptoms. Autism is a pervasive development disorder characterized by impairment of social interaction

Question 3

Down syndrome

Answer 3

Characterized by genetic chromosomal defect resulting in mild to severe intellectual impairment

Question 4

Sensorineural deafness

Answer 4

Nerve damage resulting from a lesion or damage to the inner ear

Question 5

Conductive hearing loss

Answer 5

Caused by faulty transmission of sound waves, which can occur when a person has accumulation of wax inside the ear canal or perforated eardrum

Question 6

What are some hearing aids that are available

Answer 6

Behind the ear, conventional body, in the canal and completely in the canal, in the ear

Question 7

Spina bifida

Answer 7

A birth defect caused by the incomplete closure of the spinal column during embryonic or fetal development, resulting in an exposed portion of the spinal cord

Question 8

Cerebral palsy

Answer 8

A term for a group of disorders characterized by poorly controlled body movement.

Question 9

Tracheostomy

Answer 9

A surgical procedure that creates a stoma through a patient skin and into an organ or other structure

Question 10

Stoma

Answer 10

Opening

Question 11

Tracheostomy tube

Answer 11

The tube which can be temporary or permanent, passes from the neck directly into the major airways

Question 12

Apnea monitors

Answer 12

Typically used when there is a family history of SIDS or when an infant is born prematurely

Question 13

Internal cardiac pacemakers

Answer 13

A device implanted under the patient skin to regulate the heart rate

Question 14

Left ventricular assist device is

Answer 14

LVAD is a special piece of medical equipment that takes over the function of one or both heart ventricles

Question 15

External defibrillator vest

Answer 15

Invest with a built-in monitoring electrodes in defibrillation pads, which is worn by the patient under his or her clothing

Question 16

Central venous catheter

Answer 16

A catheter that has its tip placed in the vena cava to provide venous access

Question 17

Gastronomy tubes

Answer 17

Sometimes referred to as gastric tube’s, or placed into the stomach of patients who cannot ingest fluids, foods, or medicine by mouth

Question 18

Shunts

Answer 18

Tubes that drain excess CSF from the ventricles of the brain to keep pressure from building up in the brain

Question 19

Intraocular atrium shunt

Answer 19

Drains excess fluid from the ventricles of the brain into the right atrium of the heart

Question 20

Colostomy

Answer 20

A surgical procedure that creates an opening from the small or large intestine to the surface of the body that allows for elimination of waste

Question 21

Urostomy

Answer 21

A surgical procedure which connects the urinary system to the surface of the skin, allowing you into drain through the stoma in the abdominal wall instead of through the urethra