Chapter 14-medical Emergencies

Question 1

Trauma emergencies

Answer 1

Generally involved with an external force applied to the body

Question 2

Medical emergencies

Answer 2

Illnesses or conditions caused by disease

Question 3

Cardiovascular medical emergency

Answer 3

Are caused by conditions affecting the circulatory system. For example, heart attack, congestive heart failure

Question 4

Respiratory medical emergencies

Answer 4

Resorts in patients having trouble breathing oh when the amount of oxygen supply to the tissues is in adequate. For example, asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis

Question 5

Neurological medical emergencies

Answer 5

Involve the brain I may be caused by a seizure, stroke, or syncope (fainting)

Question 6

Gastrointestinal medical emergencies

Answer 6

Most well-known condition is appendicitis, gastrointestinal emergencies can result in a call to EMS for help

Question 7

Urologic medical conditions

Answer 7

Can involve kidney stones

Question 8

Endocrine emergencies

Answer 8

Caused by complications of diabetes Mellitus

Question 9

Immunologic emergencies

Answer 9

Involve the body’s response to foreign substances. When the body overreacts to a foreign substance, it’s commonly referred to as an allergic reaction

Question 10

Toxicologic emergencies

Answer 10

Including poisoning and substance abuse, result in other types of medical injuries

Question 11

Psychiatric medical conditions

Answer 11

Involve psychological or behavioral problems. For example, Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, depression

Question 12

Gynecologic emergencies

Answer 12

Special category of medical emergencies that involve the female reproductive organs. Example, vaginal bleeding,’s STD, pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy

Question 13

Nature of illness (NOI)

Answer 13

The general type of illness a patient is experiencing

Question 14

What is TACOS used for?

Answer 14

It can help you understand the underlying conditions a patient may have that could be complicating the chief complaint. It also helps you understand why the medication is it ministered may or may not work.

Question 15

What does TACOS stand for?

Answer 15

Tobacco
Alcohol
Caffeine
Over the counter medications/herbal supplements 
Sexual and street drugs

Question 16

How should you transport a patient In critical condition?

Answer 16

With lights and sirens

Question 17

Epidemic

Answer 17

Occurs when new cases of a disease in the human population substantially exceed the number expected based on recent experience

Question 18

Pandemic

Answer 18

An outbreak that occurs on a global scale

Question 19

Infectious disease

Answer 19

A medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small harmful organisms within the body

Question 20

Communicable disease

Answer 20

A disease that can spread from one person or species to another

Question 21

Influenza

Answer 21

In animal respiratory disease that is mutated to infect humans. It can affect all people, however very young and old people are susceptible to complications

Question 22

Herpes simplex

Answer 22

A common virus strain carried by humans. 80% of people are asymptomatic, but symptomatic infections cause irruption’s of tiny fluid filled blisters call vesicles in the lips and genitals. Can cause meningitis and pneumonia in dry old or very young people.

Question 23

How can exposure to HIV occur?

Answer 23

• The patient’s blood is splashed or spread into openings in your body
• you have blood from the infected patient on your hands and touch your eyes
• I need to use to inject a patient breaks your skin
• broken glass in a motor vehicle crash or other incident penetrates your glove and skin, which may have been covered in blood from infected patient

Question 24

What is hepatitis?

Answer 24

It refers to an inflammation (often infection) of the liver

Question 25

What are early signs of viral hepatitis?

Answer 25

Loss of appetite, vomiting, fever, fatigue, sore throat, cough, and muscle joint pain

Question 26

What are later signs of hepatitis?

Answer 26

Jaundice (yellow eyes and skin) and right upper quadrant abdominal pain

Question 27

Is toxin induced hepatitis contagious?

Answer 27

No

Question 28

Hepatitis A (infectious)

Answer 28

Transmitted through feces, food, or water
Lasts 2-6 weeks
No chronic condition exists
Vaccine is available, no specific treatment, body will clear on its own
Approx 2% of patients die, after infection, you have lifelong immunity

Question 29

Hepatitis B

Answer 29

Transmitted through blood, sexual contact, saliva, irons, breast milk
4-12 weeks
Chronic infection affects of the 10% of patients and up to 90% of newborns
Vaccine is available, treatment barely works
Up to 30% of patients can become chronic carriers
Patients are asymptomatic, but could infect others. Approximately 1 to 2% die

Question 30

Hepatitis C

Answer 30

Blood, sexual contact
2-10 weeks
Chronic infection affects up to 90% of patients
No vaccine is available, treatment is costly but effective for many strains
Cirrhosis of the liver develops and 50% of patients with chronic hepatitis C
Increased liver cancer risk

Question 31

Hepatitis D

Answer 31

Blood, sexual contact 
4-12 weeks
Chronic infection is common
No vaccine/treatment available 
Occurs only in patients with active hepatitis B infection, disease may develop and 20% of patients

Question 32

Virulence

Answer 32

The strength or ability of a pathogen to produce disease

Question 33

Meningitis

Answer 33

An inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal chord

Question 34

Meningococcal meningitis

Answer 34

Highly contagious. Dangerous

Question 35

Tuberculosis

Answer 35

A chronic mycobacterial disease that usually strikes the lungs. Disease that occur shortly after infection is called primary tuberculosis

Question 36

What do you wear when protecting yourself from someone with Tuberculosis

Answer 36

A 95 mask

Question 37

Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus

Answer 37

A bacterium that causes infections and is resistant to any anabiotic’s

Question 38

Where is Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus mostly found?

Answer 38

Bats and camels living in the Middle East.

Question 39

What are some important questions to ask people when they get sick traveling?

Answer 39

• where did you recently traveled?
• Did you receive any vaccinations before your trip?
• Were you exposed to any infectious diseases
• s there anyone else in your travel party was sick
• What types of food did you eat?
• What was your source of water?