Chapter 12- Shock Flashcards
What represent the three parts of perfusion?
The heart, blood vessels, and blood
Pulse pressure
The difference between systolic and diastolic pressures
Systolic - diastolic
Sphincters
Circular muscular walls that constrict and dialate
Autonomic nervous system
Regulates involuntary functions such as sweating and digestion
What are the three basic causes of shock and impaired tissue perfusion
- Pump failure
Heart attack, obstructive causes - Low Fluid volume
trombone two vessels or tissues, fluid loss from G.I. tract (vomiting, diarrhea) - Poor vessel function
Infection, drug overdose, spinal chord injury, anaphylaxis
Cardiogenic shock
Caused by inadequate function of the heart, or pump failure
Edema
The presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues, causing swelling of the area
Myocardial contractility
The ability to contract
Preload
Pre-contraction pressure in the heart
Afterload
The force or resistance against which the heart pumps
Obstructive shock
Caused by mechanical obstruction which prevents an adequate volume of blood to fill the hearts Chambers
What are the three most common examples of obstructive shock?
Cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism
Pericardial effusion
A collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium
Cardiac tamponade
With too much effusion, the ventricles can be prevented from filling with blood
Pulmonary embolism
A blood clot that occurs in the pulmonary circulation and blocks the flow of blood through the pulmonary vessels
Distributive shock
When there is widespread dilation of the small arterials, small venules, or both. This causes blood volume to pool in the expanded vascular beds in tissue perfusion decreases
What are the four most common types of distributive shock
Septic shock, neurogenic shock, anaphylactic shock, psychogenic shock
Septic shock
Occurs as a result of severe infections, usually bacterial, in which poisons are generated by the bacteria or by infected body tissues
Neurogenic shock
Usually the result of a high spinal cord injury
Microcirculation
A term used to describe the small vessels in the vasculature that are embedded within organs and responsible for the distribution of blood with
Anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock
Cruise when a person reacts violently to a substance to which year she has been sensitized
Sensitization
Becoming sensitive to a substance that did not initially cause a reaction
Phychogenic shock
A certain reaction of the nervous system that produces the temporary, generalized vascular dilation, resulting in fainting or syncope
Hypovolemic shock
The result of an in adequate amount of fluid or volume in the circulatory system
Compensated shock
The early stage of shock, while the body can still compensate for blood loss
Decompensated shock
The late stage, when blood pressure is falling
Signs and symptoms of compensated shock
Agitation, anxiety, restlessness, feeling of impending doom, AMS, week rapid or absent pools, clearly, shallow, rapid breathing, Mark thirst, narrowing pulse pressure, air hunger
DeCompensated shock signs and symptoms
Calling blood pressure, labored or irregular breathing, cyanotic skin, thready or absent prefer pulses, dull eyes, poor urinary output
