Chapter 12- Shock

Question 1

What represent the three parts of perfusion?

Answer 1

The heart, blood vessels, and blood

Question 2

Pulse pressure

Answer 2

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressures

Systolic - diastolic

Question 3

Sphincters

Answer 3

Circular muscular walls that constrict and dialate

Question 4

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 4

Regulates involuntary functions such as sweating and digestion

Question 5

What are the three basic causes of shock and impaired tissue perfusion

Answer 5

1. Pump failure
   Heart attack, obstructive causes
2. Low Fluid volume
   trombone two vessels or tissues, fluid loss from G.I. tract (vomiting, diarrhea)
3. Poor vessel function
   Infection, drug overdose, spinal chord injury, anaphylaxis

Question 6

Cardiogenic shock

Answer 6

Caused by inadequate function of the heart, or pump failure

Question 7

Edema

Answer 7

The presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues, causing swelling of the area

Question 8

Myocardial contractility

Answer 8

The ability to contract

Question 9

Preload

Answer 9

Pre-contraction pressure in the heart

Question 10

Afterload

Answer 10

The force or resistance against which the heart pumps

Question 11

Obstructive shock

Answer 11

Caused by mechanical obstruction which prevents an adequate volume of blood to fill the hearts Chambers

Question 12

What are the three most common examples of obstructive shock?

Answer 12

Cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism

Question 13

Pericardial effusion

Answer 13

A collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium

Question 14

Cardiac tamponade

Answer 14

With too much effusion, the ventricles can be prevented from filling with blood

Question 15

Pulmonary embolism

Answer 15

A blood clot that occurs in the pulmonary circulation and blocks the flow of blood through the pulmonary vessels

Question 16

Distributive shock

Answer 16

When there is widespread dilation of the small arterials, small venules, or both. This causes blood volume to pool in the expanded vascular beds in tissue perfusion decreases

Question 17

What are the four most common types of distributive shock

Answer 17

Septic shock, neurogenic shock, anaphylactic shock, psychogenic shock

Question 18

Septic shock

Answer 18

Occurs as a result of severe infections, usually bacterial, in which poisons are generated by the bacteria or by infected body tissues

Question 19

Neurogenic shock

Answer 19

Usually the result of a high spinal cord injury

Question 20

Microcirculation

Answer 20

A term used to describe the small vessels in the vasculature that are embedded within organs and responsible for the distribution of blood with

Question 21

Anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock

Answer 21

Cruise when a person reacts violently to a substance to which year she has been sensitized

Question 22

Sensitization

Answer 22

Becoming sensitive to a substance that did not initially cause a reaction

Question 23

Phychogenic shock

Answer 23

A certain reaction of the nervous system that produces the temporary, generalized vascular dilation, resulting in fainting or syncope

Question 24

Hypovolemic shock

Answer 24

The result of an in adequate amount of fluid or volume in the circulatory system

Question 25

Compensated shock

Answer 25

The early stage of shock, while the body can still compensate for blood loss

Question 26

Decompensated shock

Answer 26

The late stage, when blood pressure is falling

Question 27

Signs and symptoms of compensated shock

Answer 27

Agitation, anxiety, restlessness, feeling of impending doom, AMS, week rapid or absent pools, clearly, shallow, rapid breathing, Mark thirst, narrowing pulse pressure, air hunger

Question 28

DeCompensated shock signs and symptoms

Answer 28

Calling blood pressure, labored or irregular breathing, cyanotic skin, thready or absent prefer pulses, dull eyes, poor urinary output