Chapter 35-geriactric Emergencies

Question 1

Geriatric

Answer 1

The assessment and treatment of disease in someone older than 65

Question 2

Pneumonia

Answer 2

An inflammation of the lungs from bacterial, viral, or fungal causes

Question 3

Pulmonary embolism

Answer 3

A condition that causes a sudden blockage of an artery by a venous clot. Clots develop in the veins of the legs or pelvis and break off and embolize (move) to the pulmonary artery and get lodged

Question 4

Hemoptysis

Answer 4

The coughing up of blood

Question 5

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 5

A disease that causes the arteries to thicken, Hawarden, and calcify – contributes to systolic hypertension in many older patients

Question 6

Atherosclerosis

Answer 6

A buildup of cholesterol and fat in the arteries

Question 7

Aneurism

Answer 7

An abnormal, blood filled dilation of the wall of a blood vessel. Severe blood loss can occur when an aneurysm rupture’s

Question 8

Orthostatic hypotension

Answer 8

Postural hypotension, which is a drop in blood pressure with the change in position

Question 9

Venous statis

Answer 9

Statis means motionless state.

A loss of proper function of the veins in the legs that would normally carry blood back to the heart

Question 10

Venous thrombosis

Answer 10

Deep vein thrombosis is a serious concern because it can lead to pulmonary embolism

Question 11

When does right sided heart failure occur

Answer 11

When the fluid backs up in the Body

Question 12

Jugular venous distention

Answer 12

Visual bulging of the jugular veins in the neck

Question 13

Ascites

Answer 13

Fluid in the abdomen

Question 14

What will you see with right-sided heart failure?

Answer 14

Jugular vein distention, ascites, and peripheral edema in the body tissues

Question 15

Left sided heart failure

Answer 15

When fluid backs up into the lungs. Usually associated with severe shortness of breath and hypoxia with crackles in the lungs

Question 16

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Answer 16

A condition that is characterized by sudden attack of respiratory distress that wakes the person at night when the patient is in a reclining position. It’s caused by fluid accumulation in the lungs

Question 17

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 17

When a broken blood vessel causes bleeding into the brain

Question 18

Ischemic stroke

Answer 18

Occur when a blood clot blocks the flow of blood to a portion of the brain

Question 19

Neurons

Answer 19

Responsible for transmission of impulses

Question 20

Cataracts

Answer 20

Clouding of the lenses or their surrounding membrane

Question 21

Macular degeneration

Answer 21

Deteriorating of the macula, which is in the center portion of the retina

Question 22

Presbycusis

Answer 22

Age related hearing loss

Question 23

Dementia

Answer 23

The slow onset of progressive disorientation, shortened attention span, and loss of cognitive function

Question 24

Delirium

Answer 24

A sudden change in mental status, consciousness, or cognitive processes, and is marked by the inability to focus, think logically, and maintain attention

Question 25

Urinary tract infection

Answer 25

Infection of the urinary tract caused by bacteria

Question 26

Syncope

Answer 26

Often caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain.

Question 27

Neuropathy

Answer 27

A disorder of the nerves of the peripheral nervous system in which function and structure of the peripheral motor, sensory, and autonomic neurons are impaired

Question 28

Diverticulosis

Answer 28

A condition in which the walls of the gut weaken and small pouches protrude from the: along those we can segments

Question 29

Peptic ulcer disease

Answer 29

The patient will report a gnawing, burning pain in the upper abdomen that improves after eating but returns later. More common in older adults

Question 30

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Answer 30

One of the most rapidly fatal conditions. The walls of the aorta weaken, and blood begins to leak into the layers of the vessel, causing the aorta to bulge like a bubble on a tire. If the vessel wall bursts, it rapidly leads to fatal loss

Question 31

What does someone with a AAA feel

Answer 31

Abdominal pain radiating through to the back with occasional flank pain. It can be felt as a pulsating mass just above and slightly to the left of the naval during your physical examination

Question 32

Responsible for maintaining the bodies fluid and electrolyte balance and have important roles in maintaining the bodies long-term acid-base balance and eliminating drugs

Answer 32

Kidneys

Question 33

Lack of control over urine or feces

Answer 33

Incontinence

Question 34

Stress Incontinence

Answer 34

Occurs during activity such as coughing, laughing, sneezing, lifting, and exercise

Question 35

Urge incontinence

Answer 35

Triggered by hot or cold fluids, running water, and even thinking about going to the bathroom

Question 36

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome

Answer 36

A diabetic complication in older people, and occurs more often in people with type two diabetes turn in those with type one. Results in dehydration

Question 37

Kyphosis

Answer 37

If forward curling of the spine, also called hump back or hunchback

Question 38

Osteoporosis

Answer 38

A condition that affects men and women, is characterized by a decrease in bone mass leading to reduction in bone strength in greater susceptibility to fracture

Question 39

Osteoarthritis

Answer 39

A progressive disease of the joints that destroys cartilage, promotes the formation of bone spurs in joints, and leads to joint stiffness

Question 40

Decubitis ulcers

Answer 40

Pressure ulcers, caused by a patient lying or sitting in the same position for a long time. The pressure from the weight of the body cuts off the flow of the area to the skin

Question 41

Explain the four stages of development in ulcers

Answer 41

1- non blanching redness with damage under skin
2- blister or ulcer that can affect the dermis and epidermis
3- invasion of the fat layer through to the fascia
4. Invasion to muscle or bone

Question 42

Polypharmacy

Answer 42

The use of multiple prescription medications by one patient

Question 43

GEMS Pneumonic

Answer 43

Geriatric patients (remember how to communicate
Environmental assessment
Medical assessment
Social assessment

Question 44

Methicillin resistant staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

Answer 44

A bacterium that causes infections in different parts of the body and is often resistant to commonly used in a biotics, can be found on the skin and in surgical wounds, the bloodstream, lungs, or urinary tract

Question 45

Clostridium difficule

Answer 45

A bacterium responsible for the most common cause of hospital acquired infection has diarrhea and regularly causes cases of diarrhea in nursing homes

Question 46

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)

Answer 46

Enterococci are bacteria that are normally present in the human intestines in the female reproductive system. These bacteria can cause infection. The specific enterococci are resistant to vancomycin

Question 47

Respiratory syncytial virus

Answer 47

Causes an infection of the upper and lower respiratory tract

Question 48

Advanced directives

Answer 48

Specific legal papers that direct relatives and caregivers about what kind of medical treatment may be given to a patient who cannot speak for themselves

Question 49

Elder abuse

Answer 49

Defined as any action on the part of an older person’s family member, caregiver, or other associated person that takes advantage of the older persons person