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Emergency care and transport of the sick and injured textbook > Chapter 15-respiratory Emergencies > Flashcards

Chapter 15-respiratory Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

Dyspnea

A

A shortness of breath or has difficulty breathing

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2
Q

What is the principal function of the lungs?

A

Respiration

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3
Q

Respiration

A

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

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4
Q

Carbon dioxide retention

A

A condition characterized by a chronically high blood level of carbon dioxide in which the respiratory center no longer response to high levels of carbon dioxide

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5
Q

Signs and symptoms of asthma

A
  • wheezing on inspiration

* bronchospasm

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6
Q

Signs and symptoms of Anaphylaxis

A
  • Flushed skin or hives
  • generalized Edema
  • decreased blood pressure
  • laryngeal edema with Dyspnea
  • wheezing or stridor
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7
Q

Signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis

A
  • shortness of breath
  • wheezing
  • coughing
  • fever
  • dehydration
  • tachypnea
  • tachycardia
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8
Q

Signs and symptoms of Bronchitis

A
  • Chronic cough (with sputum production)
  • wheezing
  • cyanosis
  • tachypnea
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9
Q

Bronchiolitis

A

Inflammation of the bronchial’s that usually occurs in children younger than two and is often caused by the respiratory syncytial virus

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10
Q

Bronchitis

A

An acute or chronic inflammation of The Lung that may cause damage to tissue

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11
Q

Anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock)

A

Extreme, life-threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure

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12
Q

Signs and symptoms of Congestive heart failure

A
  • dependent edema
  • crackles
  • orthopnea
  • paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
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13
Q

Signs and symptoms of a common cold

A

Cough
Runny or stuffy nose
Sore throat

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14
Q

Signs and symptoms of Croup

A

Fever
Barking cough
Stridor
Mostly seen in pediatric patients

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15
Q

Croup

A

And inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory system you may cause a partial airway obstruction and is characterized by a barking cough. Mostly seen in children from 6 months to 3 years

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16
Q

Signs and symptoms of Diphtheria

A
  • difficulty breathing and swallowing
  • sore throat
  • Thick, gray build up in throat or nose
  • fever
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17
Q

Signs and symptoms of Emphysema

A
  • barrel chest
  • pursed lip breathing
  • dyspnea on exertion
  • cyanosis
  • wheezing/decreased breath sounds
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18
Q

Emphysema

A

A disease of the lungs in which there is extreme dilation and eventually destruction of the pulmonary alveoli with poor exchange of oxygen and CO2. It’s a form of COPD

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19
Q

Signs and symptoms of Epiglottitis

A 
Dyspnea
High fever
Stridor
Drooling
Difficulty swallowing
Sever sore throat
Tripod or sniffing position
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20
Q

Epiglottitis

A

A disease in which the epiglottis becomes inflamed and enlarged and may cause an upper airway obstruction

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21
Q

Signs and symptoms of influenza type A

A

Cough
Fever
Sore throat
Fatigue

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22
Q

Influenza type a

A

Virus that is cross the animal/human barrier and has infected humans, recently reaching a pandemic level with the H1N1 strain

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23
Q

Signs and symptoms of pertussis (whooping cough)

A

Coughing spells
“Whooping” sound
Fever

24
Q

Signs and symptoms of pneumonia

A 
Dyspnea
Chills, fever
Cough
Green, red, or rust colored sputum 
Localized wheezing or crackled
25
Q

Pneumonia

A

In infectious disease of the lung that damages lung tissue

26
Q

Signs and symptoms of pneumothorax

A

Sudden chest pain with dyspnea
Decreased breath sounds (affected side)
Subcutaneous emphysema

27
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Partial or complete accumulation of air in the plural space

28
Q

Signs and symptoms of pulmonary embolus

A 
Sharp chest pain
Sudden onset
Dyspnea
Tachycardia
Clear breath sounds initially
29
Q

embolus

A

A blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel or causes a blockage

30
Q

Signs and symptoms of Tension pneumothorax

A 
Sever shortness of breath
Decreased/altered LOC
Neck vein distention
Tracheal deviation 
Hypotension;signs of shock (late)
31
Q

Signs and symptoms of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

A

Cough
Wheezing
Fever
Dehydration

32
Q

Respiratory syncytial virus

A

A virus that causes an infection of the lungs and breathing passages: can lead to other serious illnesses that affect the lungs or heart, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Highly contagious and can spread through droplets

33
Q

Signs and symptoms of Tuberculosis(TB)

A

Cough
Fever
Fatigue
Productive/bloody sputum

34
Q

Tuberculosis

A

A disease that can lay dormant in a persons lungs for decades, then reactivate: many strains are resistant to antibiotics. Spread by cough

35
Q

Atelectasis

A

When gas exchange between the Alveoli and pulmonary circulation is obstructed by fluid in the lungs, infection, or collapsed alveoli

36
Q

What factors can predispose patients to pneumonia?

A
  • institutional residence (nursing home)
  • recent hospitalization
  • chronic disease processes
  • immune system compromise (patients getting chemotherapy or exposed to HIV)
  • history of COPD
37
Q

Pertussis (whooping cough)

A

An airborne bacterial infection that primarily affects children younger than six. Highly contagious and passed through droplet infection

38
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

A buildup of fluid in the lungs, usually as a result of congestive heart failure

39
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

A slow process of dilation and disruption of the airways and alveoli caused by chronic bronchial obstruction

40
Q

What lung sounds will patients experience when they have pulmonary edema caused most often by congestive heart failure?

A

Wet lung sounds (rhonci, crackles)

41
Q

What lung sounds were patients experience with COPD

A

Dry lung sounds (wheezes)

42
Q

Asthma

A

Inflammation of the lungs associated with excessive mucus production and swelling of the bronchioles

43
Q

Hay fever

A

caused coldlike symptoms (runny nose, sneezing, congestion, sinus pressure) symptoms are caused by an allergic response, usually due to outdoor airborne allergens such as Pollen or indoor such as dust

44
Q

Pleuritic chest pain

A

A sharp, stabbing pain on one side that is worse on inspiration and expiration or with certain movement of the chest wall

45
Q

Plural effusion

A

A collection of fluid outside the long on one or both sides of the chest. It compresses the lung or lungs and causes dyspnea

46
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

A blood clot formed in a vein, usually in the leg or pelvis, that breaks off and circulates through the venous System, and moves to the right side of the heart into the pulmonary artery. It can become lodged in and obstruct blood flow

47
Q

Acidosis

A

The build up of excess acid in the blood or body tissues that results from the primary on this

48
Q

Alkalosis

A

The build up of excess base (lack of acid) in the body fluids

49
Q

Hyperventilation syndrome (panic attack)

A

Including anxiety, dizziness, numbness, tingling of the hands and feet, and painful spasms of the hands or feet

50
Q

Bronchial breath sounds or vesicular breath sounds

A

Normal breath sounds made by air moving in and out of the alveoli

51
Q

Adventitious breath sounds

A

Abnormal breath sounds such as wheezing, Stridor, rhonchi, and crackles

52
Q

Wheezing

A

Indicates construction and or inflammation in the bronchus. Generally heard on exhalation and is a high-pitched whistling sound

53
Q

Crackles (rales)

A

The sounds of air trying to pass through fluid in the alveoli. Bubbling sound heard on inspiration. Often a result of congestive heart failure or pulmonary Edema

54
Q

Rhonci

A

Low pitched rattling sounds caused by secretions or mucus in the larger airway. “Junky” lung sounds. Can be heard with infection such as pneumonia and bronchitis

55
Q

Stridor

A

The high pitch sound heard on inspiration as air tries to pass through an obstruction in the upper airway

56
Q

Metered dose inhaler

A

Miniature spray canister used to direct substances through the mouth and lungs

Emergency care and transport of the sick and injured textbook (37 decks)

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