Chapter 15-respiratory Emergencies Flashcards
Dyspnea
A shortness of breath or has difficulty breathing
What is the principal function of the lungs?
Respiration
Respiration
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide retention
A condition characterized by a chronically high blood level of carbon dioxide in which the respiratory center no longer response to high levels of carbon dioxide
Signs and symptoms of asthma
- wheezing on inspiration
* bronchospasm
Signs and symptoms of Anaphylaxis
- Flushed skin or hives
- generalized Edema
- decreased blood pressure
- laryngeal edema with Dyspnea
- wheezing or stridor
Signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis
- shortness of breath
- wheezing
- coughing
- fever
- dehydration
- tachypnea
- tachycardia
Signs and symptoms of Bronchitis
- Chronic cough (with sputum production)
- wheezing
- cyanosis
- tachypnea
Bronchiolitis
Inflammation of the bronchial’s that usually occurs in children younger than two and is often caused by the respiratory syncytial virus
Bronchitis
An acute or chronic inflammation of The Lung that may cause damage to tissue
Anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock)
Extreme, life-threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure
Signs and symptoms of Congestive heart failure
- dependent edema
- crackles
- orthopnea
- paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Signs and symptoms of a common cold
Cough
Runny or stuffy nose
Sore throat
Signs and symptoms of Croup
Fever
Barking cough
Stridor
Mostly seen in pediatric patients
Croup
And inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory system you may cause a partial airway obstruction and is characterized by a barking cough. Mostly seen in children from 6 months to 3 years
Signs and symptoms of Diphtheria
- difficulty breathing and swallowing
- sore throat
- Thick, gray build up in throat or nose
- fever
Signs and symptoms of Emphysema
- barrel chest
- pursed lip breathing
- dyspnea on exertion
- cyanosis
- wheezing/decreased breath sounds
Emphysema
A disease of the lungs in which there is extreme dilation and eventually destruction of the pulmonary alveoli with poor exchange of oxygen and CO2. It’s a form of COPD
Signs and symptoms of Epiglottitis
Dyspnea High fever Stridor Drooling Difficulty swallowing Sever sore throat Tripod or sniffing position
Epiglottitis
A disease in which the epiglottis becomes inflamed and enlarged and may cause an upper airway obstruction
Signs and symptoms of influenza type A
Cough
Fever
Sore throat
Fatigue
Influenza type a
Virus that is cross the animal/human barrier and has infected humans, recently reaching a pandemic level with the H1N1 strain
Signs and symptoms of pertussis (whooping cough)
Coughing spells
“Whooping” sound
Fever
Signs and symptoms of pneumonia
Dyspnea Chills, fever Cough Green, red, or rust colored sputum Localized wheezing or crackled
Pneumonia
In infectious disease of the lung that damages lung tissue
Signs and symptoms of pneumothorax
Sudden chest pain with dyspnea
Decreased breath sounds (affected side)
Subcutaneous emphysema
Pneumothorax
Partial or complete accumulation of air in the plural space
Signs and symptoms of pulmonary embolus
Sharp chest pain Sudden onset Dyspnea Tachycardia Clear breath sounds initially
embolus
A blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel or causes a blockage
Signs and symptoms of Tension pneumothorax
Sever shortness of breath Decreased/altered LOC Neck vein distention Tracheal deviation Hypotension;signs of shock (late)
Signs and symptoms of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Cough
Wheezing
Fever
Dehydration
Respiratory syncytial virus
A virus that causes an infection of the lungs and breathing passages: can lead to other serious illnesses that affect the lungs or heart, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Highly contagious and can spread through droplets
Signs and symptoms of Tuberculosis(TB)
Cough
Fever
Fatigue
Productive/bloody sputum
Tuberculosis
A disease that can lay dormant in a persons lungs for decades, then reactivate: many strains are resistant to antibiotics. Spread by cough
Atelectasis
When gas exchange between the Alveoli and pulmonary circulation is obstructed by fluid in the lungs, infection, or collapsed alveoli
What factors can predispose patients to pneumonia?
- institutional residence (nursing home)
- recent hospitalization
- chronic disease processes
- immune system compromise (patients getting chemotherapy or exposed to HIV)
- history of COPD
Pertussis (whooping cough)
An airborne bacterial infection that primarily affects children younger than six. Highly contagious and passed through droplet infection
Pulmonary edema
A buildup of fluid in the lungs, usually as a result of congestive heart failure
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
A slow process of dilation and disruption of the airways and alveoli caused by chronic bronchial obstruction
What lung sounds will patients experience when they have pulmonary edema caused most often by congestive heart failure?
Wet lung sounds (rhonci, crackles)
What lung sounds were patients experience with COPD
Dry lung sounds (wheezes)
Asthma
Inflammation of the lungs associated with excessive mucus production and swelling of the bronchioles
Hay fever
caused coldlike symptoms (runny nose, sneezing, congestion, sinus pressure) symptoms are caused by an allergic response, usually due to outdoor airborne allergens such as Pollen or indoor such as dust
Pleuritic chest pain
A sharp, stabbing pain on one side that is worse on inspiration and expiration or with certain movement of the chest wall
Plural effusion
A collection of fluid outside the long on one or both sides of the chest. It compresses the lung or lungs and causes dyspnea
Pulmonary embolism
A blood clot formed in a vein, usually in the leg or pelvis, that breaks off and circulates through the venous System, and moves to the right side of the heart into the pulmonary artery. It can become lodged in and obstruct blood flow
Acidosis
The build up of excess acid in the blood or body tissues that results from the primary on this
Alkalosis
The build up of excess base (lack of acid) in the body fluids
Hyperventilation syndrome (panic attack)
Including anxiety, dizziness, numbness, tingling of the hands and feet, and painful spasms of the hands or feet
Bronchial breath sounds or vesicular breath sounds
Normal breath sounds made by air moving in and out of the alveoli
Adventitious breath sounds
Abnormal breath sounds such as wheezing, Stridor, rhonchi, and crackles
Wheezing
Indicates construction and or inflammation in the bronchus. Generally heard on exhalation and is a high-pitched whistling sound
Crackles (rales)
The sounds of air trying to pass through fluid in the alveoli. Bubbling sound heard on inspiration. Often a result of congestive heart failure or pulmonary Edema
Rhonci
Low pitched rattling sounds caused by secretions or mucus in the larger airway. “Junky” lung sounds. Can be heard with infection such as pneumonia and bronchitis
Stridor
The high pitch sound heard on inspiration as air tries to pass through an obstruction in the upper airway
Metered dose inhaler
Miniature spray canister used to direct substances through the mouth and lungs
