Chapter 31- Orthopaedic Injuries Flashcards
Fascia
Fibrous tissues
Tibia
Shinbone. It’s responsible for supporting the major weight bearing surface of the knee and ankle
Fibula
Much smaller than the tibia, runs behind and beside the tibia. It’s an important anchor for ligaments surround in the new joint
What are the ankle bones called
Tarsals
What are the foot bones called
Metatarsals
What are the toe bones called
Phalanges
Calcaneus
Heel bone
What’s gone marrows purpose
To form red blood cells
Zone of injury
Injuries to bones and joints are often associated with the injury to the surrounding soft tissues and nerves
What ways can force be applied to limbs to break them
Direct blows, and direct forces, twisting forces, high-energy injuries
Fracture
Broken bone
Nondisplaced fracture
A simple crack of the bone that may be difficult to distinguish from a sprain or simple contusion
Displaced fracture
Produces actual deformity, or distortion of the limb by shortening, rotating it, or angulating it
Comminuted fracture
A fracture in which the bone is broken into more than two fragments
Epiphyseal fracture
A fracture that occurs in a growth section of a child’s bone and may lead to growth abnormalities
Pathologic fracture
Fracture of weakened or deceased bone, seen in patients with infection of cancer. Can be caused by minimal force
Spiral fracture
A fracture caused by twisting or spinning force, causing along, spiral shaped break in the bone. This is sometimes the result of abuse in young children
Transverse fracture
A fracture that occurs straight across the bone, usually the result of a direct blow injury
Green stick fracture
And incomplete fracture that passes only partway through the shaft of a bone but may still cause substantial angulation
Incomplete fracture
A fracture that does not run completely through the bone
Oblique fracture
A fracture in which the bone is broken at an angle across the bone
Point tenderness
The most reliable indicator of an underlying fracture
False motion
A point in the limb where there is no joint
Dislocation
A disruption of A joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contact
Signs and symptoms of dislocated joint
Marked deformity Swelling Pain that's aggravated by movement Tenderness on palpation Complete loss of normal joint motion Numbness or impaired circulation to joint
Sprain
Occurs when a joint is twisted stretched beyond its normal range of motion. The supporting capsule and ligaments are stretched or torn
Ines and symptoms for a sprain
The patient is unwilling to use the limb
Swelling and ecchymosis are present at the injured joint
Pain prevents the patient from moving her using the limb normally
Instability of the joint is indicated by increased motion, especially at the knee
Strain (pulled muscle)
Is a stretching or tearing of the muscle or tendon, causing pain, swelling, and bruising of the soft tissues in the area
Minor musculoskeletal injuries
Minor sprain’s
Fractures or dislocations of digits (fingers or toes)
Moderate musculoskeletal injury
Open fractures of digits
Nondisplaced long bone fractures
I’m just placed pelvic fractures
Major sprains of a major joint
Serious musculoskeletal injuries
Displaced long bone fractures Multiple hand and foot fractures Open long bone fractures Displaced pelvic fractures This locations of major joints Multiple digit amputation's Laceration of major nerves or blood vessels
Severe, life-threatening musculoskeletal injuries
Multiple closed fracture’s
Limb amputation’s
Fractures of both long bones of the legs
Critical injuries musculoskeletal system
Multiple open fractures of the limbs
Suspected pelvic fractures with hemodynamic instability
