Chapter 25-bleeding

Question 1

What three parts does the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

• the pump (heart)
• the container (the blood vessels that reach the cells)
• The fluid (blood and body fluids)

Question 2

Aorta

Answer 2

Largest artery in the body. It receives blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to all the other arteries that carry blood to the tissues of the body

Question 3

Capillaries

Answer 3

Small tubes, with the diameter of a single red blood cells, that pass among all the cells in the body, linking the arterials and the venules.

Question 4

Hemorrhage

Answer 4

Bleeding

Question 5

How much blood does the typical male body have and female

Answer 5

70 ml of blood per kilogram of body weight

65 ml of blood per kg of body weight

Question 6

Hypovolemic shock

Answer 6

A result of low blood volume ending up in poor perfusion and death could develop

Question 7

What situations makes the bleeding be severe?

Answer 7

• the patient has poor general appearance and has no response to external stimuli
• assessment reveals signs and symptoms of shock
• you note a significant amount of blood loss
• the blood loss is rapid and ongoing
• you can’t control the bleeding
• its associated with a significant moi

Question 8

Vasoconstriction

Answer 8

The narrowing of a blood vessel (with shock or hypothermia)

Question 9

Coagulation

Answer 9

The formation of clots to close an opening in injured blood vessels

Question 10

How to tell if it’s capillary bleeding

Answer 10

Dark red blood oozes from the wound slowly but steadily

Question 11

How to know if it’s venous bleeding

Answer 11

Darker than arterial bleeding and flows steadily

Question 12

How to know if it’s arterial bleeding

Answer 12

Characteristically bright red and spurts at time of pulse

Question 13

Hemophilia

Answer 13

A hereditary condition in which the patient lacks one or more of the bloods normal clotting factors

Question 14

Ecchymosis

Answer 14

A build up of blood they need to skin the produces a characteristic blue or black discoloration

Question 15

Hemotysis

Answer 15

Coughing up bright red blood

Question 16

Hematoma

Answer 16

A mass of blood that is collected within the damage tissue Beneath the skin or any body cavity

Question 17

Hematemesis

Answer 17

The vomiting of blood. Maybe bright red or dark red, if the blood is been partially digested it may look like coffee grounds

Question 18

Melena

Answer 18

Black, foul smelling, tarry stool that contains digested blood

Question 19

What signs and symptoms may mean that a closed fracture is bleeding?

Answer 19

Pain, tenderness, bruising, guarding, or swelling

Question 20

What signs and symptoms may indicate a lacerated spleen or liver

Answer 20

Broken ribs, bruises over the lower part of the chest, or a rigid distended abdomen. Patient with an injury to one of these organs may have referred pain in the right shoulder for the liver or left shoulder for the spleen

Question 21

What are the first signs of hypovolemic shock

Answer 21

A change in mental status, such as anxiety, restlessness, or combativeness. Changes in skin color or pallor (pale skin)

Question 22

What are later signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock suggesting internal bleeding

Answer 22

Tachycardia
Weakness, fainting, or dizziness at rest
Thirst
Nausea and vomiting
Cold, moist clammy skin 
Shallow rapid breathing 
Gold eyes
Apple or a refill timer for longer than two seconds in infants and children
Weak thready pulse
Decreasing blood pressure
Altered LOC

Question 23

Hemostatic agent

Answer 23

Any chemical compound that slows or stops bleeding by assisting with clot formation

Question 24

What conditions can result in bleeding from the nose, ears, and mouth

Answer 24

• Skull fracture
• facial injuries, including those caused by direct blow to the nose
• sinusitis, infections, knows drop use and abuse, dried or cracked nasal mucosa
• high blood pressure
• coagulation disorders
• nose picking

Question 25

Epistaxis

Answer 25

A nosebleed