Chapter 11- Pharmocology Flashcards
Pharmacology
The science of drugs, including their ingredients, preparation, uses, and actions
Medication
A substance that is used to treat or prevent disease or Relieve pain
Pharmacodynamics
The process by which a medication works on the body
Agonists
Medications that cause stimulation of receptors
Receptors
Sites on the cells were medications are chemicals produced in the body can bind and produce and affect
Antagonists (blockers)
Medications that bind on to a receptor blocker medications are chemicals from attaching
Does
The amount of the medication that is given
Action
The intended therapeutic effect of the medication is expected to have
Therapeutic effect
The desired or intended effect
Indications
The reasons were conditions from a particular medication is given
Contra indications
Times when you should not get the medication, even if it is usually indicated for that person’s condition
Side effects
Any actions of a medication other than the desired ones
Unintended effects
Effects that are undesirable propose little risk to the patient, such as a slight headache after taking nitroglycerin
Untoward effects
The effects that could be harmful to the patient, such as hypertension after taking nitroglycerin
Generic name
A simple, clear, non-proprietary name
Tradename
The brand name of the manufacture gives to a medication, such as Tylenol
Enteral medications
Enter the body through the digestive system. Typically a pill or liquid
Parenteral medications
Into the body by a route other than the digestive tract, skin, or the mucous membranes.
Absorption
The process by which medications travel through the body tissues until they reach the bloodstream
Per rectum (PR)
This means by rectum. This route of delivery is most commonly used with children because it easier ministration.
Intravenous injection (IV)
Intravenous means into the van. Medications that need to enter the bloodstream may be immediately injected directly into the vein
Intraosseous injection (IO)
Means into the bone. Medications that are given by this route reach the bloodstream through the bone marrow
Subcutaneous injection
Subcutaneous meet under the skin. ASC injection is given into the fatty tissue between the skin of the muscle. This is a slow rate of absorption
Intramuscular injection
Into the muscle. This is a moderate rate of absorption. Usually medications are observed quickly because my blood vessels
Inhalation
Some medications are inhaled into the lock so that they can be absorbed into the bloodstream more quickly
Sublingual (SL)
Under the tongue. Medications given by the SL route such as nitroglycerin tablets, enter through the oral Mucosa under the tongue and are absorbed into the bloodstream
Transcutaneous
Means through the skin. Or example, the nicotine patch or medication patch
Intranasal
Delivery of medication through the nose. Pushed through a device called mucosal atomizer device (MAD)
Solution
A liquid mixture of one or more substances that cannot be separated by filtering or allowing the mixture to stand
Suspension
A mixture of ground particles that are distributed evenly throughout a liquid but do not dissolve
Metered-dose inhaler
Miniature spray canister used to direct such substances to the mouth or into the lungs
Topical medication
Lotions, creams, and ointments
Gel
A semi liquid substance that is administered orally in capsule form for through plastic tubes
What are the six rights of medication administration
Right patient Right medication Right dose Right route Right time Right documentation
List of medications that may be a ministered by EMTs
- oxygen
- aspirin
- oral glucose
- epinephrine
- MED meds (inhaler)
- activated charcoal
- nitroglycerin
- Naloxone
Activated charcoal
Ground into very fine powder to provide the greatest possible surface area for binding
Hypoglycemia
Extremely low glucose level
Oral glucose
Can counter act the effects of hyperglycemia in the same way as a caloric beverage such as juice or non-diet soda, but faster
Aspirin
Reduces fever, and reduces pain, anti-inflammatory medication that inhibits platelet aggregation (clumping)
Nitroglycerin
Relieves the pain of angina
What affects does nitroglycerin have
Relaxes the muscular walls of coronary arteries and bands
Results in less blood returning to the heart
Decreases blood pressure
Relaxes arteries throughout the body
Often carries a mild headache and or burning of the time after ministration
What are the six general steps in administering medication?
- Obtain an order from medical control
- Verify the proper medication and prescription
- Verify the form, doors, and route of the medication
- Check the expiration date and condition of the medication
- Reassess the vital signs, especially heart rate and blood pressure at least every five minutes or is the patients conditions change
- Document your actions and the patient’s response
