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Emergency care and transport of the sick and injured textbook > Chapter 19- Endocrine Amd Hemotologic Injuries > Flashcards

Chapter 19- Endocrine Amd Hemotologic Injuries Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

Endocrine system

A

A communication system that controls function inside the body. Helps body maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Secrete hormones

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3
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical substances produced by a gland. They travel through the blood to the organs, tissues, or cells that they are intended to affect

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4
Q

What two things do the brain need to survive?

A

Glucose and oxygen

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5
Q

Glucose

A

One of the basic sugars, it is the primary fuel in conjunction with oxygen for cellular metabolism

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6
Q

Insulin

A

A hormone produced by the islets of langerhands that enables glucose in the blood to enter cells, used in synthetic form to treat in control diabetes Mellitus

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7
Q

What two hormones does the pancreas store that is necessary for glucose metabolism?

A

Glucagon and insulin

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8
Q

What do Alpha cells produce? What do beta cells produce? Where are the alpha and beta cells located?

A

They are located in the islets of langerhans, which are in a small part of the pancreas. The alpha cells produce glucagon and the beta cells produce insulin.

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9
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

A disorder of glucose metabolism, such that the body has an impaired ability to get glucose into the cells to be used for energy

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10
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

A state in which the blood glucose is above normal

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11
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

A State in which the blood glucose level is lower than normal

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12
Q

Type one diabetes

A

An auto immune disorder in which the individual’s immune system produces antibodies against the pancreatic beta cells.

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13
Q

What symptoms related to eating and drinking will a new onset of type 1 diabetes present?

A 
Polyuria (excessive pissing) 
polydipsia (excessive thirst) 
Polyphagia (excessive hunger) 
Weight loss
Fatigue
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14
Q

What is considered a normal blood glucose level?

A

Between 80 and 120 mg/DL

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15
Q

Polyuria

A

Frequent urination

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16
Q

Polydipsia

A

Excessive thirst

17
Q

Polyphagia

A

Excessive hunger

18
Q

Kussmaul respirations

A

Deep and fast respirations

19
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

A

A form of hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available

20
Q

What may DKA present as?

A 
Abdominal pain
Body aches
Nausea
Vomiting
Altered mental status or unconsciousness (if severe)
21
Q

Type two diabetes

A

Caused by resistance to the effects of insulin at the cellular level. Insulin resistance means the lock is unable to except the key. In diabetes type two there are few were insulin receptors, so there are not enough locks

22
Q

Symptomatic hyperglycemia

A

Occurs when blood glucose levels are very high

23
Q

Hyperosmolsr hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS)

A

A life-threatening condition resulting from a high blood glucose level it typically occurs in older adults, and which causes altered mental status, dehydration, and organ damage

24
Q

Are signs and symptoms of HHNS?

A 
Hyperglycemia
Altered mental status, drowsiness, lethargy 
Severe dehydration, thirst, Dark urine
Visual or sensory deficits
Partial paralysis or muscle weakness
Seizures
25
Q

Symptomatic hypoglycemia

A

In acute emergency in which a patient’s blood glucose level drops and must be corrected quickly

26
Q

Acidosis

A

An increased level of acid in your body

27
Q

Hematology

A

The study of blood related diseases

28
Q

Three disorders in hematology can you create a prehospital emergency

A

Sickle cell disease

Hemophilia A

Thrombophilia

29
Q

Sickle cell disease (hemoglobin s disease)

A

In inherited blood disorder that affects the RBCs (red blood cells). What causes the blood cells to become sickle shaped

30
Q

Vaso-occlusive crisis

A

Ischemia and pain caused by sickle shaped red blood cells that obstructed blood flow to a portion of the body

31
Q

Hemophilia

A

A congenital abnormality in which the body is unable to produce clots, which results in uncontrollable bleeding

32
Q

Thrombophilia

A

Disorder in the body’s ability to maintain the viscosity and smooth flow of blood to the venous and arterial system

Emergency care and transport of the sick and injured textbook (37 decks)

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