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Emergency care and transport of the sick and injured textbook > Chapter 10- Airway Management > Flashcards

Chapter 10- Airway Management Flashcards

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1
Q

How long does it take for brain tissue to die without o2?

A

4-6 minutes

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2
Q

Diffusion

A

A process in which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

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3
Q

How are the airways divided?

A

The upper and lower airway

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4
Q

Nasopharynx

A

The nasal cavity. It’s lined with a mucous that keeps contaminants out, as well as warms and humidifies air entering the body

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5
Q

Oropharynx

A

Forms the posterior portion of the oral cavity. Protected laterally by cheeks and inferiorly by tongue

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6
Q

Epiglottis

A

Helps seperate digestive system from the respiratory system. It prevents food from entering the larynx during swallowing

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7
Q

Larynx

A

A complex structure formed by many cartilaginous structures. Where the upper airway ends and the lower airway begins. Also called the voice box

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8
Q

Glottis

A

The space between the vocal chords and the narrowest portion of the adults airway

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9
Q

Vocal chords

A

Thin white bands of muscular tissue. Lateral to the glottis, primary center for speech production

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10
Q

What the function of the lower airway?

A

To deliver o2 to the alveoli

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11
Q

Carina

A

Point in which the trachea divides into the left and right bronchi

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12
Q

Visceral pleura

A

The slippery outer membrane covering the lungs

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13
Q

Parietal pleura

A

Lines the inside of the thoracic cavity

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14
Q

Bronchioles

A

Thin, hollow tubes made of smooth muscle. The smooth muscles allow the bronchioles to dilate or constrict

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15
Q

Mediastinum

A

The space between the lungs, surrounded by tough connective tissue

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16
Q

Phrenic nerve

A

Innervates the diaphragm Michel

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17
Q

Partial pressure

A

the amount of gas in air or dissolved in fluid, such as blood. Measure in millimeters or Mercury (mm Hg)

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18
Q

Ventilation

A

The physical act of air moving in and out of the lungs

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19
Q

Oxygenation

A

The process of loading o2 molecules onto hemoglobin molecules in the bloodstream

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20
Q

Respiration

A

The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the Alvioli as well as the tissues

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21
Q

Inhalation

A

The active, muscular part of breathing. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract

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22
Q

Tidal volume

A

The amount of air that is moved in or out of the lungs during one breath

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23
Q

Residual volume

A

The air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration

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24
Q

Alveolar ventilation

A

The volume of air that reaches the Alviola

Dead space air - tidal volume

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25
Q

Minute volume

A

The amount of air breathed in an out in one minute

Tidal volume X respiratory rate

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26
Q

Alveolar minute volume

A 
The volume of their moved through the lungs in one minute minus the dead space
Tidal volume (minus dead space) - respiratory rate
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27
Q

Vital capacity

A

The amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from the lungs after breathing in as deeply as possible

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28
Q

Dead space

A

The portion of the title volume that does not reach alveoli and doesn’t produce has exchange

29
Q

Hypoxia

A

A dangerous condition where the tissues and cells don’t get enough oxegyen

30
Q

Hypoxic drive

A

The body’s “backup” breathing system. Typically found in the end stage of COPD.

31
Q

What a early signs of hypoxia?

A

Restlessness, irritability, apprehension, tachycardia, anxiety

32
Q

What are the late stages of hypoxia

A

A week thready pulse, and cyanosis

33
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath

34
Q

Metabolism (cellular respiration)

A

The biochemical processes that result in production of energy from nutrients within the cells

35
Q

External respiration (Pulmonary respiration)

A

The process of breathing fresh air into the respiratory system and exchanging 02 and CO2 between the Alvioli in the blood in the pulmonary capillaries

36
Q

Surfactant

A

Reduces surface tension within the Alvioli and keeps them expanded, making it easier for gas exchange between O2 and CO2

37
Q

Internal respiration

A

The exchange of O2 and CO2 between the systemic circulatory system in the cells of the body

38
Q

Aerobic metabolism

A

Occurs in the presence of oxygen, cells convert glucose into energy

39
Q

Anaerobic metabolism

A

Without adequate oxygen, the cells do not completely convert glucose into energy, and lactic acid and other toxins accumulate in the cell

40
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Monitor levels of o2, co2, hydrogen ions, and the Ph of the cerebrospinal fluid and then provide feedback to the respiratory centers to modify the rate and depth of breathing based on the body’s needs

41
Q

Hypercarbia

A

Increased c02 in the bloodstream

42
Q

Intrapulmonary shunting

A

Blood enters the heart from the right side of the heart bypassing the alveoli, and returns to the left side unoxygenated

43
Q

Normal respiratory range for adults, kids, and infants

A

Adults: 12-20/min
Children: 15-30/min
Infants: 25-50/min

44
Q

Cheyne stokes respiration

A

Irregular respiratory pattern in which the patient braids with an increasing rate and depth, followed by a period of apnea (lack of spontaneous breathing)

45
Q

Apnea

A

Lack of spontaneous breathing

46
Q

Kussmaul respirations

A

Deep, rapid respirations

47
Q

Oxegynation saturation

A

The measure of percentage of hemoglobin molecules that are bound in arterial blood.

48
Q

Pulse oximeter

A

Measures the percentage of hemoglobin saturation

49
Q

End title CO2

A

The maximum concentration of CO2 at the end Of an exhaled breath breath

50
Q

Capnometry

A

Typically refers to a device that provides a digital numerical reading of the end title CO2 level

51
Q

Capnography

A

Provides a numerical reading and a graph, or real time image of the end title CO2 levels from breath breath

52
Q

Suction catheter

A

A hollow, cylindrical device that is used to remove fluid from the patients airway

53
Q

Stoma

A

In opening to the skin that goes into an organ or other structure

54
Q

Never suction the mouth or nose for more than how many seconds for adults, kids, and infants

A

Adults: 15 seconds
Kids: 10 seconds
Infants:5 seconds

55
Q

Oropharyngeal airway (oral airway)

A

Has two purposes. To keep the tongue from blocking the upper airway, and to make it easier to suction if necessary

56
Q

Nasopharyngeal airway

A

Usually used with an unresponsive patient or patient with an altered level of consciousness who has an intact gag reflex and is not able to maintain his or her airway spontaneously

57
Q

Pin indexing system

A

The compressed gas industry has created this system for portable cylinders to prevent you from putting regulators on wrong tanks

58
Q 
O2 delivery devices 
Nasal canula
NonRebreathing mask with reservoir
BMV with reservoir
Mouth to mask device
A

Nasal cannula: 12 6 L per minute. 24% to 44% oxygen delivered
Non-rebreathing mask with reservoir: 10 to 15 L per minute up to 95% oxygen
BVM with reservoir: 15 L per minute, nearly 100% oxygen delivered
Mouth to mask device: 15 L per minute, nearly 55% o2 delivered

59
Q

Sellick maneuver (cricoid pressure)

A

Using a thumb and index finger to put pressure on the larynx to reduce gastric contents from entering the esophagus. However this is not recommended because it may impede ventilation And not prevent aspiration

60
Q

Indications that artificial ventilation is adequate

A
  • visible and equal chest rise and fall
  • ventilations delivered at the appropriate rate
    10 to 12 breaths for an adult
    12 to 20 breaths for a child
  • heart rate returns to normal range
  • patients color is improving
61
Q

Indications that artificial ventilation is in adequate

A
  • minimal or no chest rise or fall
  • ventilations I deliver too fast or too slowly for patient’s age
  • heart rate does not return to normal range
  • patients skin color remains not normal
62
Q

Passive ventilation

A

The act of air in or out of the lungs during chest compressions

63
Q

Manually triggered ventilation device

A

A fixed flow rate ventilation device that delivers a breath every time it’s button is pushed, also referred to as flow restricted, oxygen powered ventilation device

64
Q

Automatic transport ventilator

A

A ventilation device attached to a control box that allows the variables of ventilation to be said. It frees the EMT to perform other tasks

65
Q

Compliance

A

The ability of the alveoli to expand when airs drawn in during inhalation

66
Q

Continuous positive airway pressure

A

A noninvasive means of providing ventilatory support for patients experiencing respiratory distress.

67
Q

What does wheezing typically indicate?

A

A mild lower airway obstruction

68
Q

Stridor

A

A high pitched noise heard on inspiration. Usually an indication of a mild upper airway obstruction

Emergency care and transport of the sick and injured textbook (37 decks)

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