chapter 33 while i wait for chapter 32's pptx Flashcards
Franz-Ferdinand (vocab)
the catalyst for WWI, archduke of the Austro-Hungarian empire was assassinated by the terrorist group called the Black Hand
Central Powers (vocab)
triple alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy for a while
Triple Entente (vocab)
commonly known as the allied powers consisting mainly of Britain, France, and Russia
Black Hand (vocab)
terrorist group in Serbia who assassinated archduke Franz-Ferdinand
Bolsheviks (vocab)
radical wing of the Russian Social Democratic Party lead by Lenin that took control of Russia in 1918
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (vocab)
(1870 - 1924), a revolutionary Marxist and head of the Bolshevik party who instituted and became the first ruler of the USSR
Georges Clemenceau (vocab)
French representative in the Paris Peace Conference
Lloyd George (vocab)
Great Britain’s representative in the Paris Peace Conference
Woodrow Wilson (vocab)
United States’ representative in the Paris Peace Conference
Ataturk (vocab)
president of the Republic of Turkey, previously Mustafa Kemal who ruled Turkey as a dictator, also known as “Father of the Turks”
Western Front (vocab)
front from the English Channel to Switzerland covered in Central and Allied trenches
No Man’s-Land (vocab)
the deadly territory between opposing trenches
Verdun (vocab)
French fortress assaulted by the Germans in 1916
Gallipoli (vocab)
failed Allied attack on Ottomans that resulted in high Allied casualties
Armenian Genocide (vocab)
wartime arocities comminted by the Ottoman government who branded Armenians as a traitorous enemy and killed almost 1 million (1915 - 1917)
Romanov Dynasty (vocab) (i love you black widow)
reigning imperial house of Russia from 1613 - 1917, who were overthrown by the Bolsheviks in the Bolshevik Revolution
February and October Revolutions (vocab)
parts of the Bolshevik Revolution, the Bolshevik party stormed the Winter Palace where they and Lenin took over the country
Paris Peace Conference (vocab)
conference held following the Great War where 27 countries with conflicting aims met but got nowhere
Self-Determination (vocab)
the idea that peoples with the same ethnic origins, language, and political ideals had the right to form sovereign states
Dreadnaughts (vocab)
British super battleships that inspired Germans to create a fleet of fast dreadnaughts
Schlieffen plan (vocab)
a Central Powers tactic to take France quickly knowing the Russians would not be able to gather their forces fast enough to help the French
Mustard gas (vocab)
poison gas first used by Germans in 1915 with a yellow color that rotted the human body
Homefront (vocab)
term used to express the important reality that the outcome of the war hinged on the support of civilians
Sykes-Picot Treaty (vocab)
secret treaty between Russia, British, and French governments in 1916 which defined the future spheres of influence
Balfour Declaration (vocab)
British public declaration of support for “the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people”
Twenty-One Demands (vocab)
demands Japan made to China basically saying that they needed to hand over their country or else they were to be dominated by Japan
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (vocab)
Russia’s treaty with Germany that ended Russia’s involvement in the Great War on March 3rd, 1918.
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare (vocab)
unrestricted submarine warfare was the official catalyst for the United States’ decision to enter the Great War
Zimmerman Telegram (vocab)
Germany’s diplomatic proposal for Mexico to join the Central Powers, which promised Mexico territories in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, but was intercepted by Allied forces.
Influenza Pandemic (vocab)
1918 disease that took lives of 20 million, more than Great War, but the spread was facilitated by the war
Fourteen Points (vocab)
proposed by Wilson to ensure peace, made the US take a position of moral leadership among the Allies. The fourteen points removed economic barriers among nations, distributed more power to the people, and allowed free navigation of the seas during times of peace and war
Treaty of Versailles (vocab)
the generalization of all WWI treaties, that heavily limited the German military, and limited troop size to 100,000. The treaty also made Germany pay for most of the damage caused by the Great War, and left Germany in great debt
League of Nations (vocab)
global group composed of many countries created after Wilson pushed for it, but was flawed as it had no power to enforce decisions regarding international conflicts or problems
Mandate system (vocab)
interpreted by the Germans as a division of colonial booty by the victors
The catalyst for WWI was…
The Black Hand’s assassination of an Austro-Hungarian archduke named Francis
The French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars sparked what?
self determination
Rivalries upon European nations were high because of all of the following EXCEPT…
A) the naval race
B) nationalistic tensions
C) a struggle to maintain currency values
D) industrial trade rivalries
E) colonial disputes
C)
The Great War expressed what importance?
that the outcome of war was determined by how effectively each nation could get from citizens and the status of their economy
Governments militarized civilian war production by…
taking control of private companies and imposing discipline on the labor process
“The defeat of a nation would not be acknowledged until the whole strength of its people was broken.” This was a quote delivered by who?
Prussian General Staff von Moltke
In order to help support soldiers, the government promoted…
the rationing of food and war supply businesses
Women were drawn to the formerly “male” jobs in society by…
patriotism and high wages
The effort and importance women showed during the war helped support what cause down the line?
The ability for women to vote
Middle and upper-class woman said WWI…
a liberating experience that had freed them from their limited work and lives.
Nations with industrial power manufactured what weapons to help them win war?
List at least 3
Submarines, tanks, chemical warfare, automatic weapons, flamethrower
Industrial technologies impacted the environment by
harvesting raw materials at an extremely high rate
The 20th century revealed the enormous costs of…
industrialization
What was the purpose for Germany creating the Schlieffen plan a decade before the war even began?
they wanted to avoid the possibility of having to fight the war on two fronts.
What did the Schlieffen plan instruct?
to first takeout France, and then turn around to attack Russia
The Schlieffen Plan was a beta version of which later plan that, in contrast, was successful for Germany?
the German Blitzkrieg
To keep their nations unified in war, governments did everything EXCEPT…
A) Restricting civil liberties
B) Forcing all men of working age to fight
C) Censoring any negative news
D) Condemned opposing nations with propaganda
B)
If any citizens disagreed with how war was being handled, nations would…
label them as traitors
French Prime Minister Joseph Caillaux ended up in prison for two years after what?
Suggesting a peace treaty with Germany
What was the only job of nation-created propaganda officers?
Ensure the public thought that a loss would mean the destruction of their way of life
The Great War split the world into what two groups with which countries?
Triple Alliance; Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy (Ottoman Empire and Romania joined mid-war);
Triple Entente: Great Britain, France, Russia (US, Japan, and Italy joined mid-war)
What caused Italy to join the Allies in 1915?
the realization that Germany was the one invading others lands.
Japan joined the Allies on August 23, 1914, due to what reason?
their desire to acquire German colonies in Asia
Japan exploited the allies’ support to do what?
advance its own imperial interests in China
The 21 Demands proposed to the Chinese government illustrated what?
Japan’s determination to control East Asia
Japan controlled China in all of the following ways EXCEPT…
A) redirect all Chinese imports and exports to their own economy
B) place overseers in China’s key government positions
C) have join control of Chinese police forces
D) restrict the purchase of weapons to Japanese manufacturers only
E) oversee China’s arms purchases via the Tokyo government
A)
Winston Churchill’s decision to move south on the Ottomans was in an attempt to do what?
find a way to break the bloody stalemate on the western front
The nine-month long stalemate on the Gallipoli Peninsula was…
a disaster for the Allies, who lost a quarter-million men
Mustafa Kemal, a commander of the Turkish division who defended Gallipoli, would go on to do what?
help form the modern Turkish state
Around how many Armenian Christians were slaughtered by the Ottoman Empire in the Armenian Genocide?
1 million
After 1913, the Ottoman state adopted a new policy of what?
Turkish nationalism, which increased tensions between the state and the Armenians
The Ottoman government’s idea of the Armenian’s goal can be compared to which other minority?
the Christian minorities of the Balkans
During the Armenian Genocide, the Armenian Christians suffered from all of the following EXCEPT…
A) death marches
B) concentration camps
C) massacres
They suffered from all of those things.
March Revolution of 1917 was…
an unplanned and incomplete affair
The main reason for the failure of the provisional government in Russia in 1917 was…
its inability to satisfy popular demands for an end to the war and for land reform
