chapter ... 21 ....... throws up everywhere Flashcards
Ibn Battuta (v.1)
Moroccan legal scholar and one of the greatest world travelers of all time
Melaka (Malacca) (v.1)
founded in the late 14th century, it became the principal clearinghouse of trade in the eastern Indian Ocean
Rabban Sauma (v.1)
A Nestorian Christian priest, he acted as an envoy for a Mongol ilkhan to the pope and kings of Europe
Sharia (v.1)
Islamic religious law based on the Quran
Sufis (v.1)
Mystic missionaries of Islam who sought to win converts in India, southeast Asia, and sub-saharan Africa
John of Montecorvino (v.1)
Franciscan missionary for the Roman Catholic Church in China and the first archbishop of Khanbaliq
Bubonic Plague (v.1)
An epidemic that ravaged societies throughout Asia, Europe, and North Africa beginning in the 14th century
“Little Ice Age” (v.1)
A 500+ year long period of climate change after 1300 CE that led to decline in agricultural production and famine
Emperor Hongwu (v.1)
An orphan who rose to topple the Yuan Dynasty of the Mongols and establish the Ming Dynasty in 1368
Ming Dynasty (v.1)
Chinese dynasty that ruled from 1368 to 1644
Mandarins (v.1)
Special class of powerful officials sent as emissaries of the Ming to ensure that local officials followed imperial policy
Eunuchs (v.1)
Castrated males extensively used by the Ming government to advance the political interests of the emperor
Qing Dynasty (v.1)
Dynasty in China founded by the Manchus lasting from 1644 to 1911
Yongle (v.1)
Successor to the first Ming emperor, he actively promoted Chinese cultural traditions and organized all the significant works of Chinese history and literature
Yongle Encyclopedia (v.1)
An enormous anthology work containing over 23,000 manuscript rolls to support native Chinese cultural traditions
Hundred Years War (v.2)
Protracted series of intermittent campaigns in which the kings of England and France fought to control lands claimed by both
Renaissance (v.2)
Cultural, artistic, and intellectual rebirth that took place in Europe from the 14th to 16th century
Leonardo da Vinci (v.2)
An Italian painter and scientist of the Renaissance
Michelangelo Buonarroti (v.2)
Noted sculptor of the Renaissance who depicted subjects in natural poses rather than stiff posture
Humanist (v.2)
Scholars interested in the humanities of history, literature, and philosophy
Desiderius Erasmus (v.2)
Renaissance humanist who published a revised Latin translation of the New Testament
Francesco Petrarca (v.2)
Florentine who searched Europe of manuscripts of the classical works preferred by humanists to works produced by medieval scholars
Giovanni Pico (v.2)
Italian humanist who attempted to harmonize the teachings of Plato, Aristotle, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
Zheng He (v.2)
An admiral and advisor for the Emperor Yongle, in multiple expeditions he took his enormous fleet to India, Africa, and beyond
Prince Henry the Navigator (v.2)
Portuguese ruler who encouraged the search for a sea route to Asian markets and increase Portuguese influence on the seas
Ceuta (v.2)
The Moroccan city which guarded the Strait of Gibraltar and, therefore, entry to the Mediterranean
Slave Trade (v.2)
The trafficking of human cargo practiced by the Portuguese, significantly increasing in volume in the mid-15th century
Bartolomeu Dias (v.2)
Portuguese mariner who became the first to round the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa
Christopher Columbus (v.2)
Genoese mariner who conceived of the idea of sailing west to reach Asian markets on behalf of the rulers of Spain
Central to Renaissance thought was a(n)…
fascination with the classical/ancient world (Romans and Greeks)
Ibn Battuta was able to travel so extensively because…
his religious and legal training allowed him to serve as qadi
Humanist moral philosophers believed that…
people could lead morally virtuous lives while participating in the world
Marco Polo’s stories influenced…
other Europeans to visit China
The Yongle Encyclopedia represented…
the Ming rulers’ interest in supporting native Chinese cultural traditions
True or False: A temporary decrease in workers’ wages was NOT a common result of the bubonic plague.
True. Common results were a decline in trade, labor shortages, and a decline in population
Cotton was introduced to west Africa by the…
Muslims
The rise of powerful states in Europe in the fifteenth century was dependent on…
the combination of new taxes and large standing armies
The reconquista was…
the Spanish Catholic attempt to win Spain from Islamic control
The nation that led the way in early European exploration was…
Portugal
What social/economic distribution did NOT occur as a result of the plague?
Structural changes in social classes
How did Europe recover quickly from the plague?
It developed stronger nation states
What did the Europeans find appealing about classical philosophy?
Its moral foundation of civic duty
The silk roads and the Indian Ocean trade routes integrated much of Asia and parts of Africa into the economy of which hemisphere?
The Eastern hemisphere
Muslim scholars traveled to newly converted lands in order to…
teach converted people Islamic values
Ibn Battuta attempted to get women in the what islands to follow Islamic standards of modest dress?
Maldive Islands
How did Marco Polo’s travels become well-known?
A fellow prisoner wrote down the stories he told
Though missionaries traveled there in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, Roman Catholicism remained a minority religion in what region?
the eastern Mediterranean
The Mongol ilkhan of _______ sent Rabban Sauma as a diplomat to meet with important European leaders in an effort to create an alliance against the Muslims.
Persia
Sufi Muslims succeeded in winning converts to Islam through what technique?
tolerance for existing beliefs
Christian missionaries were successful in attracting converts in which regions?
the Balkans, Sicily, and Spain
Which region largely escaped the effects of the plague?
India
The fertile soils of the Atlantic island colonized by the Portuguese were used to cultivate…
Sugarcane
Which country’s population took almost 600 years to return to preplague levels?
Egypt
The Ming dynasty established a government that excluded…
Mongol political systems
Mandarins, a group of influential officials, were used by the central government to ensure the implementation of _______ ______ at the local level.
imperial policy
Between 1300 and 1400, bubonic plague caused Europe’s population to decline by an estimated
25%
True or False: The Ming rulers did NOT rebuild the Chinese economy by promoting trade with other countries.
True
Political authorities in western Europe responded to the aftermath of the plague by doing what (to wages)?
freezing wages
In the later middle ages, political authority in western Europe was held by
an assortment of regional states
The standing armies in Europe during the late middle ages were largely made up of
mercenaries
China experienced a resurgence of agricultural output as a result of the rebuilding of
irrigation systems
The ability to finance an army allowed King ______ _______ of France to establish dominance over the nobility, who otherwise might have challenged his authority.
Louis IX
One of the significant improvements made by the Renaissance painters was their use of
linear perspective
European states made significant progress in state-building and warfare by establishing
permanent or long-standing armies
What were the purposes of Zheng He’s voyages in the Indian ocean?
to impress foreign peoples with the might of the Ming dynasty.
What characteristics made a good trading city?
maintaining order, quarters for foreign merchants, and strategic locations.
Renaissance humanists thought that the estate of marriage was
as honorable as a monastic life
Which trading city-state was Ivan the Great determined to capture in order to bring wealth to his growing empire?
Novgorod
Gunpowder technology from China was spread from east to west primarily by the
Mongols
The Bubonic Plague originated in…
China
Khubilai Khan employed Marco Polo in administrative posts because…
He didn’t fully trust his Chinese subjects
In the five centuries after the year 1000 C.E., the peoples of the eastern hemisphere…
traveled and interacted more intensively than ever before.
Luxury goods of high value (like gems) relative to their weight…
usually traveled overland on the silk roads
True or False: London was a major participant in long-distance trading in the immediate centuries after the year 1000 C.E.
FALSE!!! Major participants in long-distance trading were cities like Melaka, Constantinople, Khanbaliq, or Kilwa
The important trading city of Melaka is located in modern-day
Malaysia
The spread of Mongol control laid the…
laid the political foundation for a surge in long distance trade
According to Marco Polo’s account, he was made governor of the large trading city of…
Yangzhou
When Pope Innocent IV sent envoys to invite the Mongols to join in an alliance against the Muslims…
the khans declined and in turn told the Christians to submit to Mongol rule or be destroyed.
Rabban Sauma’s journey was designed to…
invite the Europeans to join the Persian ilkhans against the Muslims.
True or False: Silk was NOT one of the products that had a new impact during this period of increasing interaction
True. Products that had a new impact were gunpowder, sugarcane, cotton, citrus fruits, etc.
As a result of the bubonic plague, the population of Europe dropped from seventy-nine million in 1300 to around ________ in 1400.
sixty million
Hongwu’s philosophy for ruling China was to
return to the model of traditional Chinese dynasties.
True or False: The move to a more decentralized governmental form was the most important decision under Hongwu’s rule.
False. not true at all. what?
The marriage of Fernando of Aragon and Isabel of Castile
led to the creation of the Spanish state
The dome on the cathedral of Florence was designed by…
Brunelleschi
True or False: The introduction of abstract painting as an artistic genre was NOT representative of Renaissance art
True. They used realism
The most important of the humanistic thinkers was…
Erasmus (Desiderius)
The Portuguese mariner who sailed to Calicut in 1498 was…
Vasco da Gama
The Renaissance began in
Northern italy (florence)
True/False, The best-known long-distance traveler of Mongol time was the Venetian Marco Polo.
True
True/False, The best-known of the Muslim travelers was Rabban Sauma.
False (he was a christian)
True/False, The most active of the Roman Catholic missionaries in China was John of Montecorvino.
True
True/False, The bubonic plague typically killed SIXTY to SEVENTY percent of its human victims and had the potential to ravage a society within a few months.
True
